Heterogeneous Catalysis is a subject of great industrial importance. Almost eighty per cent of the heavy chemicals are produced by employing heterogeneous catalysts at some stage or other. This is why it has become necessary to introduce the subject in the graduate programmes in Chemistry and Chemical Technology. The first few chapters are concerned with the adsorption phenomenon-physical adsorption and chemisorption. The next some chapters discuss some general principles of catalysis, catalysis by metals, semiconductors and acidic solids including zeolites and clays. It also presents the mechanism of some selected reactions. Various experimental techniques such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermal methods, ESCA and Auger methods as well as NMR, EPR and Mossbauer spectroscopic methods for characterizing solid catalysts have been discussed in other chapters. The last two chapters of the book have catalyst preparation and the role of diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis. The author' principle objective in writing this book was 'No prior knowledge of catalysis is required and the book can also be used for self-study'.

Solid State Materials have been gaining importance in recent times especially in the context of devices which can provide necessary infrastructure and flexibility for various human endeavours. In this context, microwave materials have a unique place especially in various device applications as well as in communication networks. Various technological developments are taking place in fine-tuning these materials for specific applicatio"ns and in fixed band frequencies. Though the science and technology of these materials has reached an advanced stage, systematic attempts are still lacking in bringing all available information in a single source. The present. volume is a modest attempt in this direction, though it cannot be considered to be the one that satisfies completely desired components and information required. The editors have enlisted certain articles of interest in this area, especially those dealing with measurement techniques, chapters dealing with materials like Ferrites, YIGs, Radome and high Tc superconducting materials which are of current interest. The editors are fully aware that the coverages are not comprehensive either in scope or in depth. The purpose of this volume is only to acquaint oneself of certain aspects of a fast developing field. The editors will be grateful for any comments or suggestions in this endeavour. V. R. K. MURTHY S. SUNDARAM B. VISWANATHAN Contents Preface v 1. Materials and Processes in Microwave Integrated Circuits Fabrication 1 T. Rs. Reddy 2. Materials and Technology for Microwave Integrated Circuits 30 Bharathi Bhat and Shiban K. Koul 3.

Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels provides a snapshot of the present status of this rapidly growing field, examining ongoing breakthroughs in research and development, motivations, innovations and their respective impacts and perspectives. It also covers in detail the existing technical barriers to achieving key goals in this area. This book details the various methods, both currently available and potential, for conversion of CO2 into fuels and chemicals. With explanation of concepts and their applications, Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels offers an interdisciplinary approach that draws on and clarifies the most recent research trends.

Materials for Supercapacitor Applications provides a snapshot of the present status of this rapidly growing field. It covers motivations, innovations, ongoing breakthroughs in research and development, innovative materials, impacts, and perspectives, as well as the challenges and technical barriers to identifying an ideal material for practical applications. This comprehensive reference by electro-chemists explains concepts in materials selection and their unique applications based on their electro-chemical properties. Chemists, chemical and electrical engineers, material scientists, and research scholars and students interested in energy will benefit from this overview of many important reference points in understanding the materials used in supercapacitors.

The authors have examined carefully a number of Indian Universities and evolved a common minimum laboratory programme and the result is this compilation. The experiments chosen are the minimum required for undergraduate programmes. Some experiments have been purposely included so that they can be covered at demonstration level and can be given as exercises at the postgraduate level. The authors have attempted to assemble the list of experiments from their experience and also have drawn upon the experience of the students who have undergone these laboratory courses and felt the inadequacy of the existing curriculum.