A selection of the most accessible survey papers from the Millennial Conference on Number Theory. Presented and compiled by a group of international experts, these papers provide a current view of the state of the art and an outlook into the future of number theory research. This book serves as an inspiration to graduate students and as a reference for research mathematicians.

Devised in the 19th century, Gauss and Jacobi Sums are classical formulas that form the basis for contemporary research in many of today's sciences. This book offers readers a solid grounding on the origin of these abstract, general theories. Though the main focus is on Gauss and Jacobi, the book does explore other relevant formulas, including Cauchy.