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In From Sea-Bathing to Beach-Going B. J. Barickman explores how a
narrow ocean beachfront neighborhood and the distinctive practice
of beach-going invented by its residents in the early twentieth
century came to symbolize a city and a nation. Nineteenth-century
Cariocas (residents of Rio) ostensibly practiced sea-bathing for
its therapeutic benefits, but the bathing platforms near the city
center and the rocky bay shore of Flamengo also provided places to
see and be seen. Sea-bathing gave way to beach-going and
sun-tanning in the new beachfront neighborhood of Copacabana in the
1920s. This study reveals the social and cultural implications of
this transformation and highlights the distinctive changes to urban
living that took place in the Brazilian capital. Deeply informed by
scholarship about race, class, and gender, as well as civilization
and modernity, space, the body, and the role of the state in
shaping urban development, this work provides a major contribution
to the social and cultural history of Rio de Janeiro and to the
history of leisure.
This is the first study, for any region of colonial or
nineteenth-century Brazil, to integrate research on the production
and marketing of basic foodstuffs for local needs into an
investigation of slavery and export agriculture. It thus forges a
link between what have until now been two separate strands of
scholarship in the field of Brazilian history, opening new
perspectives for understanding how, during more than three
centuries, slavery, plantations, and export agriculture shaped
social and economic life in Brazil.
This book examines the social-economic history of the region known
as the Reconcavo in the province (now state) of Bahia in
Northeastern Brazil. In the early nineteenth century, the Reconcavo
ranked as one of the oldest and most important slaveholding regions
in the Americas and, within Brazil, as a major center of sugar and
tobacco production. "A Bahian Counterpoint" shows that, although
often dismissed as peripheral or marginal activities in the
literature on Brazil, the production and marketing of foodstuffs
for internal consumption played a crucial role in the development
of the Reconcavo's slave-based export economy.
The book also systematically compares the use of slave labor,
landholding, and agricultural practices in the production of the
Reconcavo's three main crops: sugar, tobacco, and cassava. The
comparison reveals an agrarian economy where, relying on slave
labor, great planters and small farmers alike adapted land use and
agricultural practices not only to specific crop requirements, but
also to the demands of both overseas and local markets. The
adaptations they made created a complex and varied social landscape
in a region long thought to be dominated almost exclusively by
large plantations. The comparison further reveals striking
contrasts between sugar and tobacco. Neither merely another example
of export monoculture nor strictly a peasant activity, tobacco
farming in the Reconcavo demonstrates that, "within" slave-based
export agriculture, there were alternatives to the plantation.
Both for Brazil and for many other areas of the Americas, "A Bahian
Counterpoint" challenges established arguments about slavery,
export agriculture, and the development of an internal economy.
In From Sea-Bathing to Beach-Going B. J. Barickman explores how a
narrow ocean beachfront neighborhood and the distinctive practice
of beach-going invented by its residents in the early twentieth
century came to symbolize a city and a nation. Nineteenth-century
Cariocas (residents of Rio) ostensibly practiced sea-bathing for
its therapeutic benefits, but the bathing platforms near the city
center and the rocky bay shore of Flamengo also provided places to
see and be seen. Sea-bathing gave way to beach-going and
sun-tanning in the new beachfront neighborhood of Copacabana in the
1920s. This study reveals the social and cultural implications of
this transformation and highlights the distinctive changes to urban
living that took place in the Brazilian capital. Deeply informed by
scholarship about race, class, and gender, as well as civilization
and modernity, space, the body, and the role of the state in
shaping urban development, this work provides a major contribution
to the social and cultural history of Rio de Janeiro and to the
history of leisure.
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