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3 and a fraction mayor may not respond to treatment. On the
behavioral level, animal research shows that a variety of
experimental conditions can induce de pression. The same is true in
the field of treatment, where pharmacologically highly different
drugs can equally alleviate depression in animals and hu mans. The
question as to whether this is due to a heterogeneity of depressive
subjects based on different pathogenetic mechanisms is open to
discussion. We can look for common features of all possible causal
factors in the hope of finding a single basic mechanism. Many
divergent findings may also be ex plained as peripheral changes of
a highly complicated dynamic system. In the field of
psychopharmacology, a circular reasoning has become evident in the
sense that originally the clinical antidepressive response was
founded on empirical grounds only. In a second step, an attempt was
made to characterize some clinically active compounds
pharmacologically, and in a third, further compounds were developed
based on aspects of the pharmaco logical profiles. Moreover, the
post hoc development of a pharmacological screening method has the
serious disadvantage of delaying breakthroughs into new fields."
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