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Contents of this monograph include an examination of the state of
the art, and also a comprehensive review of the extended process
(continuing for some 50 years) through which this branch of science
came into being and continued to grow. Topics include: equilibrium
and disjoining pressure of thin in
This monograph is devoted to long-range surface forces sig nificant
far beyond a single monolayer and felt over tens or even hundreds
of molecular layers adjacent to an interface. The transi tion from
the concept of short-range effects that reigned earlier to the
concept of long-range forces simultaneously signified the
transition from a two-dimensional world to a three-dimensional one,
incomparably richer in physicochemical phenomena. This transition
took many years and evolved through many steps. It began with the
Gouy-Chapman theory of diffuse ionic atmospheres, which together
with London's theory of molecular forces was used as a basis for
the development (beginning in 1937) of the DLVO theory of stability
of lyophobic colloids. Further elaboration of the theory involved
the introduction of new types of force, and a generalization (in
1954) to the case of interaction between unlike particles (hetero
coagulation). This theory is fundamental in such large-scale prac
tical problems as flotation, water treatment, dyeing, soil science,
microbiology, and interaction between biological cells. This book
is the first comprehensive monograph devoted to sur face forces.
This fact makes it easier to attract the reader's interest; yet,
the reader's demands become all the more difficult to satisfy
completely. Indeed, the research that we review and analyze here
covers about 50 years of work. Much data has been amassed, so that
the main problem was a careful selection and an alysis."
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