The Holocene (11.5 ka BP onwards), directly linked to the evolution of modern society, encompasses the increase and impacts of the human species world-wide, including by and large striking changeover towards living in the present. The Holocene climate is also responsible for expansion/ migration/decline of the human cultures. Because of this, a period termed as Anthropocene (age of man) is also proposed as the latest part of this epoch since the recent human impacts have been found on the Earth and such impacts are unquestionably of global implication for our future. This book contains seventeen invaluable manuscripts submitted by the authors from diverse countries. While most of them are related to the climatic events and environmental dynamics during the Holocene, two chapters focus on the palaeoseismology and human migration/anatomy.