The perpetual flow of understanding between phase transformation that controls grain/microstructures and heat treatment which decides the size of grains/microstructures of steels is not well articulated in the perspective of undergraduate students. In Phase Transformations and Heat Treatments of Steels, theories of phase transformation have been used to obtain a desirable phase or combination of phases by performing appropriate heat treatment operations, leading to unification of both the concepts. Further, it includes special and critical heat treatment practices, case studies, local and in-service heat treatments, curative and preventive measures of heat treatment defects for several common and high-performance applications. Features: Presents fundamentals of phase transformation in steels Analyzes basics of phase transformation due to heat treatment of steel under various environmental conditions Explains application of heat treatment for different structural components Discusses heat treatment defects and detection Emphasizes heat treatment of special steels and in-situ heat treatment practices

Covers hydrothermal properties of a wide range of polymer composites Explains possible superior advantages and limitations of nano FRP composites in various simple and super critical applications Describes materials containing both nanoparticles and fibers and provides a different perspective than competitive titles

The perpetual flow of understanding between phase transformation that controls grain/microstructures and heat treatment which decides the size of grains/microstructures of steels is not well articulated in the perspective of undergraduate students. In Phase Transformations and Heat Treatments of Steels, theories of phase transformation have been used to obtain a desirable phase or combination of phases by performing appropriate heat treatment operations, leading to unification of both the concepts. Further, it includes special and critical heat treatment practices, case studies, local and in-service heat treatments, curative and preventive measures of heat treatment defects for several common and high-performance applications. Features: Presents fundamentals of phase transformation in steels Analyzes basics of phase transformation due to heat treatment of steel under various environmental conditions Explains application of heat treatment for different structural components Discusses heat treatment defects and detection Emphasizes heat treatment of special steels and in-situ heat treatment practices

This book emphasizes the scientific origin of deformation and damage of FRP composites under various environmental effects and analyses present understanding on degradation mechanisms, role of interfaces and addition of nanofillers Discusses micro-characterization of composites and interfaces, also includes micro-mechanisms and microscopic evidences to establish the structure-property correlation Elucidates advantages and limitations of FRP composites in supercritical applications

This book emphasizes the scientific origin of deformation and damage of FRP composites under various environmental effects and analyses present understanding on degradation mechanisms, role of interfaces and addition of nanofillers Discusses micro-characterization of composites and interfaces, also includes micro-mechanisms and microscopic evidences to establish the structure-property correlation Elucidates advantages and limitations of FRP composites in supercritical applications

Molecular dynamics simulation is a significant technique to gain insight into the mechanical behavior of nanostructured (NS) materials and associated underlying deformation mechanisms at the atomic scale. The purpose of this book is to detect and correlate critically current achievements and properly assess the state of the art in the mechanical behavior study of NS material in the perspective of the atomic scale simulation of the deformation process. More precisely, the book aims to provide representative examples of mechanical behavior studies carried out using molecular dynamics simulations, which provide contributory research findings toward progress in the field of NS material technology.

Hydrothermal Behavior of Fiber- and Nanomaterial-Reinforced Polymer Composites provides critical information regarding the in-service environmental damage and degradation studies of nano/fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites focusing on hydrothermal degradation. Covering hydrothermal properties of a wide range of polymer composites, the book is aimed at graduate students, researchers, and professionals in material engineering, composite materials, nanomaterials, and related fields.

The aim of this book is to characterize the interfacial integrity and its implication on mechanical behaviour of FRP composites.Recently an active area of investigation related to this work is being explored by Temperature Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-Imaging) techniques to pin down the causes for a reduce stress transmissibility at the interface. Surface treated glass fiber, carbon fiber and epoxy matrix were used to fabricate micro-composite. Change in FTIR spectra shows alternation and deviation of stoichiometry. The analysis of these suggests that there is a variation in the chemical structure of the matrix from the fiber to the polymer bulk due to different conversions arising from a gradient in the initial composition. And in TMDSC the focus has been emphasized on Tg value which increases when hygrothermal treatment duration is less because of formation of double hydrogen bond and replacing the covalent bond. The increase in Tg value may often lead to the enhanced mechanical properties like interlaminar shear strength.

The increase of anthropogenic inorganic CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is creating global challenging problem for the future generation. The climate change and global warming can be reduced through utilization of greenhouse gases. Reduction/oxidation of CO2 changes the electronic arrangement on the atom due to loss or gain of the electron. Linear shape changes to angular shape, which can able to decrease heat (IR radiation) absorption capacity. The liner shape (O=C=O), highly stable molecule undergoes molecular vibrational transition due to its change of dipole moment, by receiving solar (IR) radiation reflected from earth, which causes global warming. But, it cannot re-radiate heat radiation into the earth atmosphere by change of its shape. CO2 is an abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic at low concentration, biorenewable, and economical resource. Whereas, red mud is composed of micro-nanomaterials of heterogeneous metal oxides of Fe2O3, Al2O3, SiO2, Na2O, CaO, TiO2, etc. Both are attractive future generation resources "green chemistry" for the socio-economical-ecological sustainable development of industry.

Due to their small size and thickness, metallic thin films exhibit novel properties which largely differ from the bulk materials. Due to their significant properties it can be used as different applications. Generally the shape, size, and size distribution of particulates and grains can be controlled by adjusting the reaction condition such as external and internal parameters like temperature, electrolyte concentration, current density, PH of the solution. Sonoelectrochemistry is the study of the effects of the combination of ultrasonic vibration with electrode processes occurring at surfaces of electrodes immersed in a solution in an electrochemical cell. This book provides a new method for the synthesis of metallic thin film i.e., sonoelectrosynthesis. The grain size, microstructure and mechanical properties of the electrodeposited metal thin film depends upon various parameters like temperature, PH, current density, and concentration of electrolyte and also ultrasound has many numerous effects on the grain size, hardness, porosity and brightness of the deposits. The analysis should help to synthesis of metallic thin film by sonoelectrosynthesis with better properties.