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The Temple of Athena at Sounion has long been recognized as one of
the most unusual buildings in the architectural history of Greece.
Its plan, with columns uniquely on the front and only one side, is
unparalleled in the Greek world. Excavations of the temple and
other buildings there, however, were complicated by the fact that
many architectural pieces from the site had been reused in a Roman
temple in the Athenian Agora. Here, Barletta provides a fascinating
examination of the early excavations at Sounion, the debate over
who was worshipped at the so-called Small Temple within the
sanctuary, the varied architectural influences on the Temple of
Athena, and the later use of its architectural pieces in the
Athenian Agora. Building on unpublished work by William B. Dinsmoor
Jr. and Homer A. Thompson, this study represents the first
comprehensive view of the temple and its sanctuary.
Much of our understanding of the origins and early development of
the Greek architectural order is based on the writings of ancient
authors, such as Virtruvius, and those of modern interpreters.
Traditionally, the archaeological evidence has been viewed
secondarily and often made to fit within a literary context,
despite contradictions that occur. Barbara Barletta s study
examines both forms of evidence in an effort to reconcile the two
sources, as well as to offer a coherent reconstruction of the
origins and early development of the Greek architectural orders.
Beginning with the pre-canonical material, she demonstrates that
the relatively late emergence of the Doric and Ionic orders arose
from contributions of separate regions of the Greek world, rather
than a single center. Barletta s reinterpretations of the evidence
also assigns greater importance to the often overlooked
contributions of Western Greece and the Cycladic Islands."
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