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This volume marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Travis
Hirschi's seminal work Causes of Delinquency. The influence of
Hirschi's book, and the theory of social control it described, can
scarcely be overstated. Social control theory has been empirically
tested or commented on by hundreds of scholars and is generally
regarded as one of the three dominant theories of crime. The
current work highlights the impact that social control theory has
had on criminological theory and research to date. Agnew's
contribution highlights the role that Hirschi's tests of control
versus strain theory had in contributing to the "near demise" of
classic strain theories, and to the subsequent development of
general strain theory. Serrano-Maillo relates control to drift, and
Tedor and Hope compare the human nature assumptions of control
theory to the current psychological literature. Other contributions
return to Hirschi's original Richmond Youth Survey (RYS) data and
demonstrate the robustness of Hirschi's major findings. Costello
and Anderson find strong support for Hirschi's predictions in an
analysis of a diverse group of youths in Fayetteville, Arkansas, in
1999; Nofziger similarly finds support for Hirschi's predictions
with an analysis of the girls in the RYS, and explores the
criticisms of social control theory that were the result of
Hirschi's failure to analyze the data from the girls in the sample.
Kempf-Leonard revisits her seminal 1993 survey of control theory
and reviews the current empirical status of control theory. Other
contributions explore new directions for both social control theory
and self-control theory. The contribution by Cullen, Lee, and
Butler holds that one element of the social bond, commitment, was
under-theorized by Hirschi, and the authors present a more in-depth
development of the concept. Quist explores the possibility of
expanding social control theory to explicitly incorporate exchange
theory concepts; Ueda and Tsutomi apply control theory
cross-culturally to a sample of Japanese students; and Felson uses
control theory to organize criminological ideas. Vazsonyi and
Javakhishvili's contribution is an empirical analysis of the
connections between social control in early childhood and
self-control later in life; Chapple and McQuillan's contribution
suggests that the gender gap in delinquency is better explained by
increased controls in girls than by gendered pathways to offending.
Oleson traces the evolution of Hirschi's control theory, and
suggests that, given the relationships between fact and theory, a
biosocial model of control might be a promising line of inquiry.
Fifty Years of Causes of Delinquency: The Criminology of Travis
Hirschi describes the current state of control theory and suggests
its future directions, as well as demonstrates its enduring
importance for criminological theory and research. The volume will
be of interest to scholars working in the control theory tradition
as well as those critical of the perspective, and is suitable for
use in graduate courses in criminological theory.
This volume marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Travis
Hirschi's seminal work Causes of Delinquency. The influence of
Hirschi's book, and the theory of social control it described, can
scarcely be overstated. Social control theory has been empirically
tested or commented on by hundreds of scholars and is generally
regarded as one of the three dominant theories of crime. The
current work highlights the impact that social control theory has
had on criminological theory and research to date. Agnew's
contribution highlights the role that Hirschi's tests of control
versus strain theory had in contributing to the "near demise" of
classic strain theories, and to the subsequent development of
general strain theory. Serrano-Maillo relates control to drift, and
Tedor and Hope compare the human nature assumptions of control
theory to the current psychological literature. Other contributions
return to Hirschi's original Richmond Youth Survey (RYS) data and
demonstrate the robustness of Hirschi's major findings. Costello
and Anderson find strong support for Hirschi's predictions in an
analysis of a diverse group of youths in Fayetteville, Arkansas, in
1999; Nofziger similarly finds support for Hirschi's predictions
with an analysis of the girls in the RYS, and explores the
criticisms of social control theory that were the result of
Hirschi's failure to analyze the data from the girls in the sample.
Kempf-Leonard revisits her seminal 1993 survey of control theory
and reviews the current empirical status of control theory. Other
contributions explore new directions for both social control theory
and self-control theory. The contribution by Cullen, Lee, and
Butler holds that one element of the social bond, commitment, was
under-theorized by Hirschi, and the authors present a more in-depth
development of the concept. Quist explores the possibility of
expanding social control theory to explicitly incorporate exchange
theory concepts; Ueda and Tsutomi apply control theory
cross-culturally to a sample of Japanese students; and Felson uses
control theory to organize criminological ideas. Vazsonyi and
Javakhishvili's contribution is an empirical analysis of the
connections between social control in early childhood and
self-control later in life; Chapple and McQuillan's contribution
suggests that the gender gap in delinquency is better explained by
increased controls in girls than by gendered pathways to offending.
Oleson traces the evolution of Hirschi's control theory, and
suggests that, given the relationships between fact and theory, a
biosocial model of control might be a promising line of inquiry.
Fifty Years of Causes of Delinquency: The Criminology of Travis
Hirschi describes the current state of control theory and suggests
its future directions, as well as demonstrates its enduring
importance for criminological theory and research. The volume will
be of interest to scholars working in the control theory tradition
as well as those critical of the perspective, and is suitable for
use in graduate courses in criminological theory.
Criminological research has largely neglected the possibility that
positive peer influence is a potentially powerful source of social
control. Quantitative methods tease out cause, effect, and
spuriousness in the relationship between peer delinquency and
personal delinquency, but these methods do little or nothing to
reveal how and why peers might influence each other toward--or away
from--deviance. Costello and Hope take a first step toward
uncovering the mechanisms of peer influence, drawing on
quantitative and qualitative data collected from two convenience
samples of university students. Their quantitative analyses showed
that positive peer influence occurs most frequently among those who
associate with the most deviant peers and self-report the most
deviance, contrary to predictions drawn from social learning
theories. Their qualitative data revealed a variety of methods of
negative influence, including encouraging deviant behavior for
others' amusement, a motive for peer influence never before
reported in the literature.
Criminological research has largely neglected the possibility that
positive peer influence is a potentially powerful source of social
control. Quantitative methods tease out cause, effect, and
spuriousness in the relationship between peer delinquency and
personal delinquency, but these methods do little or nothing to
reveal how and why peers might influence each other toward--or away
from--deviance. Costello and Hope take a first step toward
uncovering the mechanisms of peer influence, drawing on
quantitative and qualitative data collected from two convenience
samples of university students. Their quantitative analyses showed
that positive peer influence occurs most frequently among those who
associate with the most deviant peers and self-report the most
deviance, contrary to predictions drawn from social learning
theories. Their qualitative data revealed a variety of methods of
negative influence, including encouraging deviant behavior for
others' amusement, a motive for peer influence never before
reported in the literature.
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