The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. The chapters "Ionic Liquid-Liquid Chromatography: A New General Purpose Separation Methodology", "Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Current Status of Experiments and Simulations", "Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids" and "Quantum Chemical Modeling of Hydrogen Bonding in Ionic Liquids" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students

"Ionic liquids will never find application in industry", "I don't understand this fad for ionic liquids" and "there is no widespread interest in these systems" are just three of quotes from the reports of referees for research proposals that I have received over the years. I wonder what these people think today. There are currently at least nine large-scale industrial uses of ionic liquids, including, we now rec- nise, the production of ?-Caprolactam (a monomer for the production of nylon-6) [1]. There has been a steady increase in the interest in ionic liquids for well over a decade and last year the number of papers and patents including ionic liquids was counted in the thousands. This remarkable achievement has been built on the hard work and enthusiasm, first of a small band of devotees, but now of huge numbers of scientists all over the world who do not see themselves as specialists in ionic liquids. The ionic liquids field continues to develop at an incredible rate. No sooner do I think that I am on top of the literature than it turns out that a whole new area of work has emerged without me noticing. Things that were once supposedly impos- 1 sible in ionic liquids, such as measuring the H NMR of solutes, are now widely applicable (see Chapter 8). Hence, collected volumes such as this are very w- come.

First-Principles-Based Multiscale, Multiparadigm Molecular Mechanics and Dynamics Methods for Describing Complex Chemical Processes, by A. Jaramillo-Botero, R. Nielsen, R. Abrol, J. Su, T. Pascal, J. Mueller and W. A. Goddard.- Dynamic QM/MM: A Hybrid Approach to Simulating Gas Liquid Interactions, by S. Yockel and G. C. Schatz.- Multiscale Modelling in Computational Heterogeneous Catalysis, by F. J. Keil.- Real-World Predictions from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations, by B. Kirchner, P. J. di Dio and J. Hutter.- Nanoscale Wetting Under Electric Field from Molecular Simulations, by C. D. Daub, D. Bratko and A. Luzar.- Molecular Simulations of Retention in Chromatographic Systems: Use of Biased Monte Carlo Techniques to Access Multiple Time and Length Scales, by J. L. Rafferty, J. I. Siepmann, M. R. Schure.- Thermodynamic Properties for Applications in Chemical Industry via Classical Force Fields, by G. Guevara-Carrion, H. Hasse and J. Vrabec.- Multiscale Approaches and Perspectives to Modeling Aqueous Electrolytes and Polyelectrolytes, by L. Delle Site, C. Holm and N. F. A. van der Vegt.- Coarse-Grained Modeling for Macromolecular Chemistry, by H. A. Karimi-Varzaneh and F. Muller-Plathe.-"

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. The chapters "Ionic Liquid-Liquid Chromatography: A New General Purpose Separation Methodology", "Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Current Status of Experiments and Simulations", "Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids" and "Quantum Chemical Modeling of Hydrogen Bonding in Ionic Liquids" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students

First-Principles-Based Multiscale, Multiparadigm Molecular Mechanics and Dynamics Methods for Describing Complex Chemical Processes, by A. Jaramillo-Botero, R. Nielsen, R. Abrol, J. Su, T. Pascal, J. Mueller and W. A. Goddard.- Dynamic QM/MM: A Hybrid Approach to Simulating Gas Liquid Interactions, by S. Yockel and G. C. Schatz.- Multiscale Modelling in Computational Heterogeneous Catalysis, by F. J. Keil.- Real-World Predictions from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations, by B. Kirchner, P. J. di Dio and J. Hutter.- Nanoscale Wetting Under Electric Field from Molecular Simulations, by C. D. Daub, D. Bratko and A. Luzar.- Molecular Simulations of Retention in Chromatographic Systems: Use of Biased Monte Carlo Techniques to Access Multiple Time and Length Scales, by J. L. Rafferty, J. I. Siepmann, M. R. Schure.- Thermodynamic Properties for Applications in Chemical Industry via Classical Force Fields, by G. Guevara-Carrion, H. Hasse and J. Vrabec.- Multiscale Approaches and Perspectives to Modeling Aqueous Electrolytes and Polyelectrolytes, by L. Delle Site, C. Holm and N. F. A. van der Vegt.- Coarse-Grained Modeling for Macromolecular Chemistry, by H. A. Karimi-Varzaneh and F. Muller-Plathe.-"

"Ionic liquids will never find application in industry", "I don't understand this fad for ionic liquids" and "there is no widespread interest in these systems" are just three of quotes from the reports of referees for research proposals that I have received over the years. I wonder what these people think today. There are currently at least nine large-scale industrial uses of ionic liquids, including, we now rec- nise, the production of ?-Caprolactam (a monomer for the production of nylon-6) [1]. There has been a steady increase in the interest in ionic liquids for well over a decade and last year the number of papers and patents including ionic liquids was counted in the thousands. This remarkable achievement has been built on the hard work and enthusiasm, first of a small band of devotees, but now of huge numbers of scientists all over the world who do not see themselves as specialists in ionic liquids. The ionic liquids field continues to develop at an incredible rate. No sooner do I think that I am on top of the literature than it turns out that a whole new area of work has emerged without me noticing. Things that were once supposedly impos- 1 sible in ionic liquids, such as measuring the H NMR of solutes, are now widely applicable (see Chapter 8). Hence, collected volumes such as this are very w- come.