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This book investigates the two-way relationship between debt and
democracy in Latin America. It examines the evidence about how
regime type influenced the choice of policy to deal with foreign
creditors and related economic issues.
This book offers a new approach to studying foreign aid in the 21st
century. While most analysts focus on the differences between
traditional and emerging donors, Stallings and Kim here argue that
a more important distinction is between East Asian donors and their
western counterparts. Asian donors - Japan, South Korea, and China
- cross the traditional and emerging divide and demonstrate a
particular approach to development that draws on their own dramatic
success. As East Asia continues its upward trajectory of economic
development, the politics of aid can reveal surprising truths about
the objectives and mechanisms of soft power and diplomacy in
creating new networks in the region. This book will be of interest
to NGO workers, scholars, and students of international relations,
a critical part of research into Asia's rise and the emerging
spheres of influence.
This book argues that Latin America must confront two main
challenges: greater innovation to increase productivity, and
greater inclusion to incorporate more of the population into the
benefits of economic growth. These two tasks are interrelated, and
both require greater institutional capacity to facilitate both
innovation and inclusion. Most countries in Latin America are
struggling to escape what economists label "the middle income
trap." While much if not all of the region has emerged from low
income status, neither growth nor productivity has increased
sufficiently to enable Latin America to narrow the gap separating
it from the world's most developed economies. Although income
inequality has diminished across much of the region in recent
years, social vulnerability remains widespread and institutional
weaknesses continue to plague efforts to achieve equitable
development. This volume identifies lessons that can be learned and
adapted from experiences within the region and in East Asia, where
the middle income trap has largely been avoided. This book is the
result of a collaborative project undertaken by American
University's Center for Latin American & Latino Studies (CLALS)
and the Corporation for Latin American Studies (CIEPLAN) in Chile,
with financial support from the Inter-American Development Bank's
Office of Strategic Planning and Development Effectiveness.
This book offers a new approach to studying foreign aid in the 21st
century. While most analysts focus on the differences between
traditional and emerging donors, Stallings and Kim here argue that
a more important distinction is between East Asian donors and their
western counterparts. Asian donors - Japan, South Korea, and China
- cross the traditional and emerging divide and demonstrate a
particular approach to development that draws on their own dramatic
success. As East Asia continues its upward trajectory of economic
development, the politics of aid can reveal surprising truths about
the objectives and mechanisms of soft power and diplomacy in
creating new networks in the region. This book will be of interest
to NGO workers, scholars, and students of international relations,
a critical part of research into Asia's rise and the emerging
spheres of influence.
This book investigates the two-way relationship between debt and
democracy in Latin America. It examines the evidence about how
regime type influenced the choice of policy to deal with foreign
creditors and related economic issues.
This book argues that Latin America must confront two main
challenges: greater innovation to increase productivity, and
greater inclusion to incorporate more of the population into the
benefits of economic growth. These two tasks are interrelated, and
both require greater institutional capacity to facilitate both
innovation and inclusion. Most countries in Latin America are
struggling to escape what economists label "the middle income
trap." While much if not all of the region has emerged from low
income status, neither growth nor productivity has increased
sufficiently to enable Latin America to narrow the gap separating
it from the world's most developed economies. Although income
inequality has diminished across much of the region in recent
years, social vulnerability remains widespread and institutional
weaknesses continue to plague efforts to achieve equitable
development. This volume identifies lessons that can be learned and
adapted from experiences within the region and in East Asia, where
the middle income trap has largely been avoided. This book is the
result of a collaborative project undertaken by American
University's Center for Latin American & Latino Studies (CLALS)
and the Corporation for Latin American Studies (CIEPLAN) in Chile,
with financial support from the Inter-American Development Bank's
Office of Strategic Planning and Development Effectiveness.
This account of the interplay of politics and economics in Chile in
three successive administrations ending with the 1973 coup suggests
that social class plays a major role in determining the outcome of
economic policies in Latin America. As the author demonstrates, the
nature of the class alliance that controls the state apparatus in
Chile, together with the actions of foreign capital, determines not
only the type of economic policies followed, but their outcomes as
well.
A comparison of the three regimes of Jorge Alessandri (1958-64),
Eduardo Frei (1964-70), and Salvador Allende (1970-73) is
especially important because they represent the main approaches to
economic development available to all Third World countries today.
The three regimes are compared in terms of policies on property
relations, government expenditure, credit, investment, wages,
prices, employment, and foreign investment. The outcomes are
analyzed through data on economic growth and income distribution.
In a concluding chapter, the author comments on the meaning of the
Chilean experience for other countries.
By the end of 1985, Latin Americans owed their foreign creditors
$368 billion. That was nearly $1,000 for every man, woman, and
child between the Rio Grande and Tierra del Fuego. The debt
represented more than half of the region's gross domestic product,
and interest payments alone consumed 36 percent of export revenues.
If profits are added to interest, and the total compared to new
capital inflows, the drama of the situation becomes clear: a real
resource transfer from Latin American was under way. More than
three-fourths of Latin America's debt was owed to several hundred
commercial banks with headquarters in North America, Europe, and
Japan. Banker to the Third World examines why the loans that
precipitated the 1985 debt crisis were made, how these loans were
similar to, and different from, other loans, what solutions to the
crisis would be effective, and how such problems could be avoided
in the future. When originally published, this title presented a
new and timely analysis of the crisis; today it serves as a
historical exploration that will give readers a better
understanding of both Latin American economic history and more
recent foreign debt crises. This title is part of UC Press's Voices
Revived program, which commemorates University of California
Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and
give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to
1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship
accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title
was originally published in 1987.
The way external forces influence political and economic outcomes
in developing countries is an ongoing concern of scholars and
policymakers. In the 1970s and 1980s, dependency analysis was a
popular way of approaching this topic, but it later fell into
disrepute. This Element argues that it may be useful to revamp
dependency to interpret China's new relationships with developing
countries, including Latin America. Economic links with China have
become important determinants of the region's development.
Stallings discusses the dependency debates, reviews the way
dependency operated in the US-Latin American case, and analyzes the
growing Chinese presence within a dependency framework.
In the last ten to fifteen years, the Latin American and
Caribbean region has undergone the most significant transformation
of economic policy since World War II. Through a series of
structural reforms, an increasing number of countries have moved
from closed, state-dominated economies to ones that are more market
oriented and open to the rest of the world. Policymakers expected
that these changes, in conjunction with lower rates of inflation
and increased spending in the social area, would speed up economic
growth, increase productivity, and lead to the creation of more
jobs and greater equality. Have those expectations been fulfilled?
Analyzing the impact of the reforms in nine countries (Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico,
Peru), this study provides a detailed picture of progress to date.
At the overall regional level, the book suggests, the reforms have
had a surprisingly small impact: a small positive impact on
investment and growth, and a small negative impact on employment
and income distribution. But at the country, sectoral, and
microeconomic levels, it finds evidence of strong effects, with
some units doing very well and others falling behind.
This book offers a new perspective in studying contemporary
development. Part I explores how the ending of the cold war,
shifting relations among capitalist powers, changing patterns of
finance, globalization of trade and production, and new ideological
currents have altered development in four major third-world
regions. Part II suggests how development options were molded by
the dominant international power in each region: the United States
in Latin America, Japan in East and Southeast Asia, and Europe with
the international financial institutions in Africa. Part III
provides a conceptual framework for analyzing regional performance:
variation in economic capacity, trade opportunities, and access to
finance shaped the development chances of each region, producing
rapid growth in Asia, stagnation in Latin America, and economic
contraction in sub-Saharan Africa during the 1980s and early 1990s.
It also speculates about future trends based on varying development
models.
This book offers a new perspective in studying contemporary
development. Part I explores how the ending of the cold war,
shifting relations among capitalist powers, changing patterns of
finance, globalization of trade and production, and new ideological
currents have altered development in four major third-world
regions. Part II suggests how development options were molded by
the dominant international power in each region: the United States
in Latin America, Japan in East and Southeast Asia, and Europe with
the international financial institutions in Africa. Part III
provides a conceptual framework for analyzing regional performance:
variation in economic capacity, trade opportunities, and access to
finance shaped the development chances of each region, producing
rapid growth in Asia, stagnation in Latin America, and economic
contraction in sub-Saharan Africa during the 1980s and early 1990s.
It also speculates about future trends based on varying development
models.
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