The inspiration from Biology and the Natural Evolution process has become a research area within computer science. For instance, the description of the arti?cial neuron given by McCulloch and Pitts was inspired from biological observations of neural mechanisms; the power of evolution in nature in the diverse species that make up our world has been related to a particular form of problem solving based on the idea of survival of the ?ttest; similarly, - ti?cial immune systems, ant colony optimisation, automated self-assembling programming, membrane computing, etc. also have their roots in natural phenomena. The ?rst and second editions of the International Workshop on Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO), were held in Granada, Spain, 2006, and in Acireale, Italy, 2007, respectively. As in these two previous editions, the aim of NICSO 2008, held in Tenerife, Spain, was to provide a forum were the latest ideas and state of the art research related to nature inspired cooperative strategies for problem solving were discussed. The contributions collected in this book were strictly peer reviewed by at least three members of the international programme committee, to whom we are indebted for their support and assistance. The topics covered by the contributionsincludenature-inspiredtechniqueslikeGeneticAlgorithms, Ant Colonies, Amorphous Computing, Arti?cial Immune Systems, Evolutionary Robotics, Evolvable Systems, Membrane Computing, Quantum Computing, Software Self Assembly, Swarm Intelligence, etc

The inspiration from Biology and the Natural Evolution process has become a research area within computer science. For instance, the description of the arti?cial neuron given by McCulloch and Pitts was inspired from biological observations of neural mechanisms; the power of evolution in nature in the diverse species that make up our world has been related to a particular form of problem solving based on the idea of survival of the ?ttest; similarly, - ti?cial immune systems, ant colony optimisation, automated self-assembling programming, membrane computing, etc. also have their roots in natural phenomena. The ?rst and second editions of the International Workshop on Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO), were held in Granada, Spain, 2006, and in Acireale, Italy, 2007, respectively. As in these two previous editions, the aim of NICSO 2008, held in Tenerife, Spain, was to provide a forum were the latest ideas and state of the art research related to nature inspired cooperative strategies for problem solving were discussed. The contributions collected in this book were strictly peer reviewed by at least three members of the international programme committee, to whom we are indebted for their support and assistance. The topics covered by the contributionsincludenature-inspiredtechniqueslikeGeneticAlgorithms, Ant Colonies, Amorphous Computing, Arti?cial Immune Systems, Evolutionary Robotics, Evolvable Systems, Membrane Computing, Quantum Computing, Software Self Assembly, Swarm Intelligence, etc

Este livro aborda as similaridades e incongruencias entre a arte de registrar os instantes atraves da fotografia e a arte de Rubem Braga em escrever suas cronicas. A partir da leitura da coletanea Casa dos Braga: memoria de infancia, de Rubem Braga (1913-1990), publicada em 1997, o texto aqui apresentado evidencia nessa obra do Braga o carater fragmentario, o recorte de personagens e paisagens, as dimensoes reduzidas dos textos coligidos e o pendor documentario dessa recolha de cronicas da infancia que conduzem o leitor a surpreender a tangencia e a contaminacao das operacoes da escrita memorialistica pelos processos do dispositivo fotografico, aqui considerado tanto como metafora da permanencia dos residuos mnemonicos no aparelho psiquico, quanto como sintoma que reune a fotografia e as ecritures de soi na mesma tensao "indecidivel" entre o registro testemunhal do passado e as muitas irrupcoes do imaginario e da ficcao. Ali mudada em tipos imoveis, a memoria textualizada nos mobiliza para vivificar o que esta morto, como no paradoxo em que a fotografia se diz: "eternizacao do instante."