Wiley's most critical examination of the effects of the Civil War on the lives of its participation Widely hailed for his realistic portrayals of the common soldier of the Civil War, Bell Irvin Wiley upset carefully cultivated, deeply held southern myths about the Lost Cause with the 1944 publication of The Plain People of the Confederacy. His engaging and timeless look at the Confederate experience of soldiers, African Americans, and women also sparked a debate about the reasons for southern defeat that continues among historians to this day. Republished here with Paul Escott's new introduction and fresh appraisal of the book's influence, this classic work reveals a far more complex, conflicted, and intriguing society than the unified and idealized version created and perpetuated in the wake of surrender. Wiley broke new ground by challenging southern myths about a contented and loyal slave population, a self-sacrificing citizenry united in support of states' rights, and a military unmarred by cowardice and vice. Unearthing a wealth of correspondence, government documents, and other firsthand accounts, Wiley brought to center stage the question of popular morale and insisted on its importance in shaping the fate of the Confederacy. He showed that the Confederacy was racked by dissension and that the heart of the South's problems lay in class resentments and poor governmental policy rather than in military reverses.

Originally published forty years ago, Bell Irvin Wiley's The Road to Appomattox marked one of the first efforts by a Civil War scholar to identify the internal causes of the South's defeat. Today this elegant little book remains one of the most penetrating, thought-provoking works on the subject. In the book's three chapters, Wiley treats three broad reasons for the failure of the Confederacy: weak political leadership, low morale among the populace, and four "internal influences" in the South. Those four shortcomings stemmed from traits apparently endemic to southerners in general, Wiley explains, and they included disharmony among and between political and military leaders; the government's failure to provide adequate public information systems; rigidity in outlook and course of action; and poor judgment, especially of the North's strength, the South's own strength, and Europe's dependence on cotton. Recent years have witnessed a number of significant studies dealing with Confederate defeat, particularly with the failings of Davis as war leader and with the complex issue of the South's dedication to the cause. Wiley was one of the first historians to raise these issues and discuss then trenchantly. Those familiar with The Road to Appomattox will cheer the reissue of this resonant work; first-time readers will see why.

In this companion to The Life of Johnny Reb, Bell Irvin Wiley explores the daily lives of the men in blue who fought to save the Union. With the help of many soldiers' letters and diaries, Wiley explains who these men were and why they fought, how they reacted to combat and the strain of prolonged conflict, and what they thought about the land and the people of Dixie. This fascinating social history reveals that while the Yanks and the Rebs fought for very different causes, the men on both sides were very much the same.

"This wonderfully interesting book is the finest memorial the Union soldier is ever likely to have.... Wiley] has written about the Northern troops with an admirable objectivity, with sympathy and understanding and profound respect for their fighting abilities. He has also written about them with fabulous learning and considerable pace and humor.

Rebel Private Front and Rear is a line soldier's account of the Civil War without heroics. Private Fletcher tells how at Gettysburg he was overcome by a "bad case of cowardly horror" when an order came on the third day to get ready to charge. "I tried to force manhood to the front, but fright would drive it back with a shudder," he confessed. The attack of jitters lasted about fifteen minutes, and then he fell asleep while awaiting the order to advance. But Fletcher could be brave to a fault. He was restless and venturesome and during the lulls between fighting would sometimes ask for permission to go on dangerous scouts into enemy territory. Once, just before Fredericksburg, he slipped out to a haystack in the no-man's-land near the Rappahannock so that he could watch the Yankees build a bridge. And in his last fight at Bentonville he risked his life on a rash and futile impulse to capture a whole squad of Federals. At Second Manassas, Fletcher was struck by a bullet that grazed his bowels and lodged in his hip. His detailed description of his subsequent sensations and experiences is one of the most interesting portions of his narrative. He begged the surgeons to operate, but when they started cutting he howled so profanely that they threatened to abandon him. His reply was: "It don't hurt as badly when I am cursing." Wounded again at Chickamauga, Fletcher was incapacitated for further infantry service and was transferred to Company E, Eighth Texas Cavalry, and served with Terry's Rangers until the end of the war. In north Georgia he participated in a number of thrilling skirmishes with mounted forces of Sherman's command, and in one of these encounters he lost his horse. A short time later, in a daring effort to capture a mount from the Yankees, he was taken prisoner. The story of the forming and execution of his plan to escape by jumping from a moving boxcar is full of suspense and excitement. Rebel Private also reveals Fletcher as something of a philosopher. The narrative is sprinkled with dissertations on unexpected subjects, such as God, justice, and war. He reflects on the rightness and the necessity of "foraging," in home as well as enemy territory, but he tells with evident relish how he and his "pard" of the occasion "pressed" whiskey, honey, and chickens. Fletcher set down his experiences some forty years after the close of the Civil War. His story is told with the artlessness of the natural raconteur. Though the style is unpolished, the memoir makes lively reading because of the author's eye for detail, his straightforward language, and his sense of humor. One of the most frequently cited narratives written by soldiers of Lee's army, it derives its value as a historical source mainly from Fletcher's honesty, his close observations, the richness and variety of his experiences, and the sharpness of his memory.

A Confederate artillery officer, William Thomas Poague fought in General "Stonewall" Jackson's campaigns in the Shenandoah Valley and at Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, and elsewhere. After Jackson's death, Poague remained in the Army of Northern Virginia. Gunner with Stonewall sheds light on a neglected aspect of the Civil War, the role of the artillery in combat.

The notebooks containing these memoirs were edited by Monroe F. Cockrell, an expert on the Confederacy and graduate of Virginia Military Institute, and first published in 1957. A new introduction by Robert K. Krick has been added for this Bison Books edition. Krick is the author of Stonewall Jackson at Cedar Mountain and Conquering the Valley: Stonewall Jackson at Port Republic.