The gaze of educational researchers has traditionally been turned "down" toward the experiences of communities deemed at-risk, presumably with the purpose of improving their plight. Indeed, theorizing about the relationship between education, culture, and society has typically emerged from the study of poor and marginalized groups in public schools. Seldom have educational researchers considered class privilege and educational advantage in their attempts at understanding inequality and fomenting social justice. This collection of groundbreaking studies breaks with this tradition by shifting the gaze of inquiry "up," toward the experiences of privilege in educational environments characterized by wealth and the abundance of material resources. This edited volume brings together established and emerging scholars in education and the social sciences working critically to interrogate a diversity of educational environments serving the interests of influential groups both within and beyond schools. The authors investigate the power relations that underlie various contexts of class privilege. They shed light into the ways in which the success of a few relates to the failure of many.

This collection explores, in Adorno's description, 'philosophy directed against philosophy'. The essays cover all aspects of Benjamin's writings, from his early work in the philosophy of art and language, through to the concept of history. The experience of time and the destruction of false continuity are identified as the key themes in Benjamin's understanding of history.

The gaze of educational researchers has traditionally been turned 'down' toward the experiences of communities deemed at-risk, presumably with the purpose of improving their plight. Indeed, theorizing about the relationship between education, culture, and society has typically emerged from the study of poor and marginalized groups in public schools. Seldom have educational researchers considered class privilege and educational advantage in their attempts at understanding inequality and fomenting social justice. This collection of groundbreaking studies breaks with this tradition by shifting the gaze of inquiry 'up, ' toward the experiences of privilege in educational environments characterized by wealth and the abundance of material resources. This edited volume brings together established and emerging scholars in education and the social sciences working critically to interrogate a diversity of educational environments serving the interests of influential groups both within and beyond schools. The authors investigate the power relations that underlie various contexts of class privilege. They shed light into the ways in which the success of a few relates to the failure of many.

This collection explores Walter Benjamin's "philosophy directed against philosophy". The essays, from 11 contributors, aim to cover all aspects of Benjamin's writings. Subjects range from his early work in the philosphy of art and language, through his cultural criticism, to his final reflections on the concept of history. The experience of time and the destruction of false continuity are identified as the key themes in Benjamin's understanding of history.

A rapid reference guide to the approach and management of orthopaedic emergencies, this book provides quick differential diagnosis and treatment guidance for the emergency physician and orthopaedic resident and trainee. Chapters detail the initial management of musculoskeletal injuries, including reduction, splinting, and casting techniques for specific fractures and soft tissue injuries. A stepwise, how-to approach ensures easy learning, and an abundance of images provide clarity in instruction. This book also helps the reader identify those patients who can be appropriately treated as outpatients and patients who require urgent and emergent orthopaedic consultation.

Marking the centenary of Walter Benjamin's immensely influential essay, "Toward the Critique of Violence," this critical edition presents readers with an altogether new, fully annotated translation of a work that is widely recognized as a classic of modern political theory. The volume includes twenty-one notes and fragments by Benjamin along with passages from all of the contemporaneous texts to which his essay refers. Readers thus encounter for the first time in English provocative arguments about law and violence advanced by Hermann Cohen, Kurt Hiller, Erich Unger, and Emil Lederer. A new translation of selections from Georges Sorel's Reflections on Violence further illuminates Benjamin's critical program. The volume also includes, for the first time in any language, a bibliography Benjamin drafted for the expansion of the essay and the development of a corresponding philosophy of law. An extensive introduction and afterword provide additional context. With its challenging argument concerning violence, law, and justice—which addresses such topical matters as police violence, the death penalty, and the ambiguous force of religion—Benjamin's work is as important today as it was upon its publication in Weimar Germany a century ago.

Marking the centenary of Walter Benjamin's immensely influential essay, "Toward the Critique of Violence," this critical edition presents readers with an altogether new, fully annotated translation of a work that is widely recognized as a classic of modern political theory. The volume includes twenty-one notes and fragments by Benjamin along with passages from all of the contemporaneous texts to which his essay refers. Readers thus encounter for the first time in English provocative arguments about law and violence advanced by Hermann Cohen, Kurt Hiller, Erich Unger, and Emil Lederer. A new translation of selections from Georges Sorel's Reflections on Violence further illuminates Benjamin's critical program. The volume also includes, for the first time in any language, a bibliography Benjamin drafted for the expansion of the essay and the development of a corresponding philosophy of law. An extensive introduction and afterword provide additional context. With its challenging argument concerning violence, law, and justice-which addresses such topical matters as police violence, the death penalty, and the ambiguous force of religion-Benjamin's work is as important today as it was upon its publication in Weimar Germany a century ago.

In the age of search, keywords increasingly organize research, teaching, and even thought itself. Inspired by Raymond Williams's 1976 classic Keywords, the timely collection Digital Keywords gathers pointed, provocative short essays on more than two dozen keywords by leading and rising digital media scholars from the areas of anthropology, digital humanities, history, political science, philosophy, religious studies, rhetoric, science and technology studies, and sociology. Digital Keywords examines and critiques the rich lexicon animating the emerging field of digital studies. This collection broadens our understanding of how we talk about the modern world, particularly of the vocabulary at work in information technologies. Contributors scrutinize each keyword independently: for example, the recent pairing of digital and analog is separated, while classic terms such as community, culture, event, memory, and democracy are treated in light of their historical and intellectual importance. Metaphors of the cloud in cloud computing and the mirror in data mirroring combine with recent and radical uses of terms such as information, sharing, gaming, algorithm, and internet to reveal previously hidden insights into contemporary life. Bookended by a critical introduction and a list of over two hundred other digital keywords, these essays provide concise, compelling arguments about our current mediated condition. Digital Keywords delves into what language does in today's information revolution and why it matters.

Technology scholars declare an emergency: attention must be paid to the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems. This book sounds an alarm: we can no longer afford to be lulled into complacency by narratives of techno-utopianism, or even techno-neutrality. We should not be reassured by such soothing generalities as human error, virtual reality, or the cloud. We need to realize that nothing is virtual: everything that happens online, virtually, or autonomously happens offline first, and often involves human beings whose labor is deliberately kept invisible. Everything is IRL. In Your Computer Is on Fire, technology scholars train a spotlight on the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems.

How, despite thirty years of effort, Soviet attempts to build a national computer network were undone by socialists who seemed to behave like capitalists. Between 1959 and 1989, Soviet scientists and officials made numerous attempts to network their nation-to construct a nationwide computer network. None of these attempts succeeded, and the enterprise had been abandoned by the time the Soviet Union fell apart. Meanwhile, ARPANET, the American precursor to the Internet, went online in 1969. Why did the Soviet network, with top-level scientists and patriotic incentives, fail while the American network succeeded? In How Not to Network a Nation, Benjamin Peters reverses the usual cold war dualities and argues that the American ARPANET took shape thanks to well-managed state subsidies and collaborative research environments and the Soviet network projects stumbled because of unregulated competition among self-interested institutions, bureaucrats, and others. The capitalists behaved like socialists while the socialists behaved like capitalists. After examining the midcentury rise of cybernetics, the science of self-governing systems, and the emergence in the Soviet Union of economic cybernetics, Peters complicates this uneasy role reversal while chronicling the various Soviet attempts to build a "unified information network." Drawing on previously unknown archival and historical materials, he focuses on the final, and most ambitious of these projects, the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS), and its principal promoter, Viktor M. Glushkov. Peters describes the rise and fall of OGAS-its theoretical and practical reach, its vision of a national economy managed by network, the bureaucratic obstacles it encountered, and the institutional stalemate that killed it. Finally, he considers the implications of the Soviet experience for today's networked world.

Drawn from the 2017 conference of the College Theology Society, these essays by prominent academics, ecclesiastics, and social scientists present historical analyses, theological investigations, and literary reflections, all seeking to parse the future of American Catholicism by reaching a greater understanding of its present moment.

Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Politik - Internationale Politik - Region: Afrika, einseitig bedruckt, Note: 1,7, Universitat Erfurt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Auf die Frage, ob die chinesisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen Afrika starken oder daran hindern sein Potential auszuschopfen, antwortet He Wenping, eine Mitarbeiterin der Chinese Academy of Social Sciences" China s behavior in Africa is no worse and, on balance, probably far better than that of the West" (2007: 29). US-Prasident Barack Obama nennt Chinas wachsenden Einfluss in Afrika among the most significant developments on the continent since the end of the Cold War" (Shinn 2009: 9). Ob diese Ansichten des chinesischen Engagements in Afrika der Wahrheit entsprechen, soll in dieser Arbeit untersucht werden.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Politik - Internationale Politik - Thema: Globalisierung, pol. Okonomie, Note: 1,3, Universitat Erfurt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der Future-Handel mit Rohstoffen, also das Aushandeln von Preisen fur zukunftige Lieferungen von Rohstoffen, unter anderem von Agrarprodukten, wird seit Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts praktiziert. An den grossen Warenterminborsen gab es jedoch aufgrund mehrerer Faktoren seit Beginn des 21. Jahrtausends enorme Veranderungen. In dieser Arbeit soll geklart werden, ob und inwiefern der Future-Handel mit Rohstoffen einen Einfluss auf die Weltmarktpreise hat und was sich daraus fur Schlusse ziehen lassen. Zudem soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, was fur Auswirkungen der enorme Anstieg des Weltmarktpreises von Getreide auf Menschen weltweit und insbesondere in Niedrigeinkommenslandern hat, in denen ein Grossteil des Einkommens fur Lebensmittel ausgegeben wird. Dies wird am Beispiel von Kenia untersuch

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Politik - Politische Systeme - Politisches System Deutschlands, Note: 1,3, Universitat Erfurt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung der NPD von 1996 bis 2009. Das Jahr 1996 spielt in der jungeren Geschichte der NPD eine besondere Rolle, da es als Ausgangspunkt der Erfolge der NPD in den letzen Jahren gesehen wird. Die am Anfang der 1990er Jahre am Boden liegende, durch Misserfolge und Personalprobleme gezeichnete Partei, schaffte es, einen Wandel zu vollziehen und neue Erfolge fur sich zu verbuchen. Mit der Wahl von Udo Voigt zum Bundesvorsitzenden der NPD im Jahre 1996 und der Implementierung einer neuen Parteistrategie im selben Jahr wuchsen auch die Mitgliederzahlen der kriselnden Partei wieder und sie errang starkeren Einfluss in weiten Teilen (Ost-) Deutschlands.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Theoretische (Erkenntnis, Wissenschaft, Logik, Sprache), Note: 1, Universitat Wien (Philosophie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Wie der Titel bereits verrat, wird der Panpsychismus die Grundlage fur diese Arbeit bilden. Diese Position innerhalb der analytischen Philosophie des Geistes ist fur viele PhilosophInnen eine kontraintuitive Herausforderung, doch fur mich nicht zuletzt deshalb eine spannende Moglichkeit, sich dem Problem des Bewusstseins anzunahern. Es wird fur diese Arbeit also in erster Linie von Wichtigkeit sein, den Panpsychismus zu erklaren und zu begrunden. Dazu wird die zu dieser Theorie fuhrende Argumentation anhand der Ausfuhrung von Thomas Nagel vorgestellt. Wenn nun erst diese Basis geschaffen worden ist, wird sich die Arbeit den zahlreichen Einwanden widmen, die gegen die Position des fundamentalen Bewusstseins eingebracht worden sind. Der gravierendste Einwand betrifft das Kombinationsproblem: Auch wenn Bewusstsein fundamental ist, wie kann es sich zu einer Einheit im Menschen summieren oder kombinieren? Eine mogliche Losung wird von William Seager prasentiert, der mithilfe einer quantenmechanischen Analogie argumentieren wird, dass sich eine eventuelle Summierung von Bewusstseinszustanden ereignen konnte. Ich mochte aber im Anschluss daran die Frage aufwerfen, ob es uberhaupt notwendig ist, dieses Problem zu losen. Konnte es nicht vielmehr schon Theorien geben, die sich mit dem Panpsychismus vereinbaren lassen, und die trotzdem nicht das Kombinationsproblem evozieren? Dabei wird der Begriff des Raums eine zentrale Rolle spielen, der in der Zwei-Aspekte-Theorie der Information von David Chalmers eingefuhrt wird. Kann das Kombinationsproblem durch eine Ausarbeitung des Begriffs des Erlebens im Raum als ein Scheinproblem entlarvt werden? Das sind naturlich schwierige Fragen, die zu beantworten nicht leicht ist; doch gibt es meiner Ansicht nach einige Hinweise darauf, der These zuzustimmen