The present book includes a set of selected papers from the First International Conf- ence on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART 2009), held in Porto, Portugal, during January 19-21, 2009. The conference was organized in two simultaneous tracks: "Artificial Intelligence and Agents." The book is based on the same structure. ICAART 2009 received 161 paper submissions, from more than 37 different co- tries in all continents. After a blind review process, only 26 where accepted as full papers, of which 21 were selected for inclusion in this book, based on the classifi- tions provided by the Program Committee. The selected papers reflect the interdis- plinary nature of the conference. The diversity of topics is an important feature of this conference, enabling an overall perception of several important scientific and tech- logical trends. These high-quality standards will be maintained and reinforced at ICAART 2010, to be held in Valencia, Spain, and in future editions of this conf- ence. Furthermore, ICAART 2009 included five plenary keynote lectures given by Juan Carlos Augusto (University of Ulster), Marco Dorigo (IRIDIA, Free University of Brussels), Timo Honkela (Helsinki University of Technology), Edward H. Shortliffe (Arizona State University) and Paulo Urbano (University of Lisbon). We would like to express our appreciation to all of them and in particular to those who took the time to contribute with a paper to this book.

Peer reviewed articles from the Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science (NLPCS) 2014 meeting in October 2014 workshop. The meeting fosters interactions among researchers and practitioners in NLP by taking a Cognitive Science perspective. Articles cover topics such as artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology and language learning.

As natural language processing spans many different disciplines, it is sometimes difficult to understand the contributions and the challenges that each of them presents. This book explores the special relationship between natural language processing and cognitive science, and the contribution of computer science to these two fields. It is based on the recent research papers submitted at the international workshops of Natural Language and Cognitive Science (NLPCS) which was launched in 2004 in an effort to bring together natural language researchers, computer scientists, and cognitive and linguistic scientists to collaborate together and advance research in natural language processing. The chapters cover areas related to language understanding, language generation, word association, word sense disambiguation, word predictability, text production and authorship attribution. This book will be relevant to students and researchers interested in the interdisciplinary nature of language processing.