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An unprecedented description of the critical energy situation
throughout Asia, this book examines the energy resources, naval
forces, and national strategies of the nations of that vast
landmass, set against the priorities and resources of the United
States. Energy security in Asia is crucial to the continued
economic growth and hence the national security of the region's
nations. Providing such security requires a combination of naval,
political, and economic policies. Despite dramatic news coverage to
the contrary, Cole's research reveals that the nations of the
region-of which the United States must be counted-are in fact
acting more together than apart in striving to ensure the security
of scarce energy resources they all require. No issue in today's
international environment is more important than energy security.
Even the North Korean nuclear development program must be taken as
a subset of this subject. As the United States, the United Kingdom,
and other nations have done in past decades, the People's Republic
of China is striving to establish proprietorship of energy
resources throughout their lifecycle, from recovery from the ground
to sale in the market place. This important book demonstrates the
vacuity of that paradigm, illustrating the multilateral nature of
energy security.
Asian Maritime Strategies explores one of the world's most complex
and dangerous maritime arenas. Asia, stretching from the Aleutian
Islands to the Persian Gulf, contains the world's busiest trade
routes. It is also the scene of numerous maritime territorial
disputes, pirate attacks, and terrorist threats. In response, the
nations of the region are engaged in a nascent naval arms race. In
this new work, Bernard Cole, author of the acclaimed The Great Wall
At Sea, examines the maritime strategies and naval forces of the
region's nations, as well as evaluating the threats and
opportunities for cooperation at sea. The United States Navy is
intimately involved in these disputes and opportunities, which
threaten vital American economic, political, and security
interests.
The most useful geographical designation for maritime Asia is the
"Indo-Pacific" and Cole provides both a survey of the maritime
strategies of the primary nations of the Indo-Pacific region as
well as an evaluation of the domestic and international politics
that drive those strategies. The United States, Canada, Russia,
Japan, North Korea, South Korea, China, the Philippines, Brunei,
Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar, India, Pakistan,
Iran, the smaller Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf states are all
surveyed and analyzed. The United States, Japan, China, and India
draw the most attention, given their large modern navies and
distant strategic reach and the author concludes that the United
States remains the dominant maritime power in this huge region,
despite its lack of a traditionally strong merchant marine. U.S.
maritime power remains paramount, due primarily to its dominant
navy. The Chinese naval modernization program deservedly receives a
good deal of public attention, but Cole argues that on a day-to-day
basis the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force, as its navy is
named, is the most powerful maritime force in Far Eastern waters,
while the modernizing Indian Navy potentially dominates the Indian
Ocean.
Most telling will be whether United States power and focus remain
on the region, while adjusting to continued Chinese maritime power
in a way acceptable to both nations. No other current or recent
work provides such a complete description of the Indo-Pacific
region's navies and maritime strategies, while analyzing the
current and future impact of those forces.
In 1933, Alice Tisdale Hobart, wife of the Standard Oil Company of
New Jersey manager in Nanking, published Oil for the Lamps of
China.1 Hobart had traveled widely in China and proved to be a very
observant imperialist. Her fictional account of her experiences,
not surprisingly, focused on the role played by Western
businessmen, especially those engaged in importing and selling
petroleum products. One thread that runs through her work is
Chinese dependence on foreign sources of energy supplies, which
remains the case today. This dependence on foreign- controlled
sources means that Beijing's efforts to ensure the availability of
energy resources adequate to fuel the nation's economic growth have
important national security implications.
CONTENTS Introduction Energy Sector Organization The Coal Industry
The Oil Industry The Natural Gas Industry Other Energy Sources The
Power Distribution System The Environment and the Energy Sector
Energy in the Ninth and Tenth 5-Year Plans Defense of the Energy
Sector Conclusion Endnotes
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