Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Bernard Lazare's controversial magnum opus, originally published in France in 1894, asks why the Jews have aroused such hatred for three thousand years. The journalist, though severed from his Jewish upbringing, was fiercely committed to social justice and could not ignore a shocking antisemitism in the fin-de-siecle circles he knew. In search mg for its historic causes, he was also searching for his own roots and place in the world. As biographer Nelly Wilsonhas noted, young Lazare was "constantly engaged in a dialogue with himself" when he wrote Antisemitism, Its History and Causes. Lazare begins his "impartial study" by considering whatever in the Jewish character might be to blame for antisemitism. Then he looks outward to those nations among which the Israelites dispersed, examining the different faces of antisemitism from Greco-Roman antiquity to the end of the nineteenth century. Lazare brings his research and study to bear on whatever form antisemitism has taken: ethnic, nationalist, economic, social, literary, philosophical. Recognizing that antisemitism is fundamentally based on fear of the stranger and the need for a scapegoat, Lazare concludes with a surprising scenario for the future. This remarkable book conveys Lazare's own spiritual growth. France's Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s would galvanize him to a passionate battle against antisemitism. Introducing this Bison Books edition is Robert S. Wistrich, Neuberger Professor of Modern Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the author of Antisemitism: The Longest Hatred.

This Is A New Release Of The Original 1903 Edition.

1903. A balanced and thorough consideration of the causes and development of anti-Semitism. Contents: General causes of anti-Semitism; Anti-Judaism: in antiquity - in Christian antiquity from the foundation of the Church of Constantine - from Constantine to the eighth century - from the eighth century to the Reformation - from the time of the Reformation till the French Revolution; Anti-Judaic literature and prejudices; Modern legal anti-Judaism; Modern anti-Semitism and its literature; The race; Nationalism and anti-Semitism; Revolutionary spirit in Judaism; Jew as a factor in the transformation of society - political and religious causes of anti-Semitism; Economic causes of anti-Semitism; Fate of anti-Semitism.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

Bernard Lazare (1865 - 1903) was a Jewish French literary critic, political journalist, anarchist and polemist. He was among the first Dreyfusards. It was as an anarchist that he became a literary critic and journalist. In 1894 he published Anti-semitism, its History and Causes (LAntis mitisme, son histoire est ses cause), an in-depth study and critique of the origins of anti-semitism. Lazare then became very active in the Dreyfus Affair. Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish army officer was accused of treason. He published his first paper, The Dreyfus Affair A Miscarriage of Justice in Belgium in November 1896. Because of his experience with anti-Semitism, Lazare became engaged in the struggle for the emancipation of Jews.

1903. A balanced and thorough consideration of the causes and development of anti-Semitism. Contents: General causes of anti-Semitism; Anti-Judaism: in antiquity - in Christian antiquity from the foundation of the Church of Constantine - from Constantine to the eighth century - from the eighth century to the Reformation - from the time of the Reformation till the French Revolution; Anti-Judaic literature and prejudices; Modern legal anti-Judaism; Modern anti-Semitism and its literature; The race; Nationalism and anti-Semitism; Revolutionary spirit in Judaism; Jew as a factor in the transformation of society - political and religious causes of anti-Semitism; Economic causes of anti-Semitism; Fate of anti-Semitism.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone

1903. A balanced and thorough consideration of the causes and development of anti-Semitism. Contents: General causes of anti-Semitism; Anti-Judaism: in antiquity - in Christian antiquity from the foundation of the Church of Constantine - from Constantine to the eighth century - from the eighth century to the Reformation - from the time of the Reformation till the French Revolution; Anti-Judaic literature and prejudices; Modern legal anti-Judaism; Modern anti-Semitism and its literature; The race; Nationalism and anti-Semitism; Revolutionary spirit in Judaism; Jew as a factor in the transformation of society - political and religious causes of anti-Semitism; Economic causes of anti-Semitism; Fate of anti-Semitism.

I do not approve of antisemitism; it is a narrow, one-sided view, still I have sought to account for it. It] has flourished in all countries and in all ages, before and after the Christian era, at Alexandria, Rome, and Antiachia, in Arabia, and in Persia, in mediaeval and modern Europe, in a word, in all parts of the world wherever there are or have been Jews, -such an opinion, it seemed to me, could not spring from a mere whim or fancy, but must be the effect of deep and serious causes. -from the Preface Bernard Lazare was a Paris literary critic when his imagination was fired by the notorious case of French Jewish army officer Captain Alfred Dreyfus, tried as a traitor on trumped-up charges, a startling example of French anti-semitism. But Lazare, who became Dreyfus's great public champion, was no stranger to this particular form of bigotry-that same year, 1894, he published what is considered his finest work, Anti-Semitism: Its History and Causes. In this sweeping history of prejudice and hatred, Lazare explores anti-semitism from antiquity through the modern era, with an emphasis on anti-Judaic literature and law, and how nationalism and religious identity fueled hatred of Jews. An extraordinary history of entrenched prejudices, this a must-read for those seeking an understanding of anti-semitism and the root causes of its horrendous legacy of the 20th century. French writer and anarchist LAZARE MARCUS MANASSE BERNARD (1865-1903), aka Bernard Lazare, is also the author of Anti-Semitism and Revolution (1899).

A balanced and thorough consideration of the causes and development of anti-Semitism. Contents: General causes of anti-Semitism; Anti-Judaism: in antiquity - in Christian antiquity from the foundation of the Church of Constantine - from Constantine to the eighth century - from the eighth century to the Reformation - from the time of the Reformation till the French Revolution; Anti-Judaic literature and prejudices; Modern legal anti-Judaism; Modern anti-Semitism and its literature; The race; Nationalism and anti-Semitism; Revolutionary spirit in Judaism; Jew as a factor in the transformation of society - political and religious causes of anti-Semitism; Economic causes of anti-Semitism; Fate of anti-Semitism.