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RAF Tempsford, a remote Second World War airfield between Cambridge
and Bedford, was designed by an illusionist to give over-flying
enemy pilots the impression it was a disused airfield. Home to the
RAF's Special Duties Squadrons, it was only used on the clear
nights on either side of the full moon. Flying low and without
lights, brave pilots and aircrews carried many hundreds of tons of
arms and supplies to resistance groups north of the Arctic Circle,
east to Czechoslovakia and Poland, southeast to the Balkans and
south as far as the Pyrenees and Italy. 'The Tempsford Academy'
tells the story of William Stephenson, the man sent by Roosevelt to
assess Britain's potential to resist German invasion in 1940, his
meeting the men running Britain's secret service and being shown
round SOE's training facilities, weapons, R&D sites etc. He
persuaded the President to send William Donovan, subsequent head of
OSS (what became the CIA), to see how the Americans could establish
an intelligence network in London. Offices were set up in London
and establishments for the training and deployment of US secret
agents into occupied Europe as well as assisting the SOE in
supplying the resistance. Until an airfield was built for their
clandestine operations, agents were flown out from RAF Tempsford:
Churchill's Most Secret Airfield.
Home-grown terrorists equipped by a foreign power are not a new
phenomenon. During the Second World War, Hitler's Germany made
sustained efforts to inflict a terror campaign on the streets of
Britain through the use of secret agents and agents provocateurs.
The aim was to blow up military, industrial, transport and
telecommunication targets, to lower morale among the civilian
population and disrupt the war effort. Even before the outbreak of
war, the Nazis provided the IRA with assistance for their plan to
sabotage the British mainland. Prior to their planned invasion in
the summer of 1940, the Nazis were also keen to recruit members of
the Welsh and Scottish Nationalist Parties to engage in sabotaging
British targets and, over the course of the war, infiltrated dozens
of trained agents from countries including Norway, Denmark,
Holland, France and Cuba. What happened to the myriad plots to blow
up Britain? We know that intelligence obtained from decrypted enemy
messages via Bletchley Park and double agents like ZIGZAG, SUMMER
and TATE alerted MI5 to some of these spies' arrivals, but what
about the others? And how successful were MI5's efforts to fake
acts of sabotage and arrange media coverage to fool the enemy into
thinking their agents were still at large and on task? In this
book, Bernard O'Connor, a noted wartime espionage historian, tells
the complete story of the successes and failures of the Nazi terror
offensive on mainland Britain during 1938-1944.
Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941,
Churchill and Stalin secretly agreed that Britain would infiltrate
Soviet agents into occupied Western Europe. Liaison began between
the NKVD and the SOE, each country's secret service. Transported in
convoys across the Arctic Ocean and often attacked by German
U-Boats, thirty-four men and women arrived in Scotland. To stop
people finding out that Britain was helping the Communists, the
agents were given false identities and provided with accommodation
and training at remote country houses in southern England,
including Beaulieu. Codenamed PICKAXES, they were sent for
parachute practice at Ringway aerodrome, provided with documents,
cover stories and wireless sets and sent on clandestine missions
into France, Belgium, Holland, Austria, Germany and Italy. Whilst
most were sent from RAF Tempsford, Churchill's Most Secret
airfield, one was sent by boat across the Channel and another by
submarine into Northern Italy. Only a few survived the war as most
were caught, interrogated and executed. Based on extensive
research, Bernard O'Connor tells their human stories enmeshed in a
web of political intrigue and diplomacy.
Designed by illusionist Jasper Maskelyne, RAF Tempsford was
constructed to give overflying enemy aircraft the impression it was
disused. Nothing could be further from the truth - just after dusk
on moonlit nights either side of the full moon, planes from the 138
and 161 Squadrons would take off on top secret missions to the
heart of the war-torn Continent. They had to fly low and without
lights in order to identify drop zones and deliver the supplies and
secret agents that would help the resistance forces liberate
Europe. But despite the attention of Churchill and George VI, the
airfield's secrets have long remained an untold chapter in the
story of the war. Based on over a decade's extensive research,
Churchill's Most Secret Airfield: RAF Tempsford is filled with
intrigue, suspense, heartbreak, and humour. It is a fascinating
account of a deadly serious business. Bernard O'Connor has been a
teacher for almost forty years and is the author of Agent Rose and
Churchill's Angels, also for Amberley. He lives in Bedfordshire.
RAF Tempsford is in walking distance of his home.
Nearly forty female agents were sent out by the French section of
Britain's Special Operations Executive (SOE) during the Second
World War. The youngest was 19 and the oldest 53. Most were trained
in paramilitary warfare, fieldcraft, the use of weapons and
explosives, sabotage, silent killing, parachuting, codes and
cyphers, wireless transmission and receiving, and general spycraft.
These women - as well as others from clandestine Allied
organisations - were flown out and parachuted or landed into France
on vital and highly dangerous missions: their task, to work with
resistance movements both before and after D-Day. Bernard O'Connor
uses recently declassified government documents, personnel files,
mission reports and memoirs to assess the successes and failures of
the 38 women including Odette Sansom, Denise Colin, and Cecile
Pichard. Of the twelve who were captured, only two survived; the
others were executed, some after being tortured by the sadistic
officers of the Gestapo. This is their story.
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