The first European Congress of Mathematics was held in Paris from July 6 to July 10, 1992, at the Sorbonne and Pantheon-Sorbonne universities. It was hoped that the Congress would constitute a symbol of the development of the community of European nations. More than 1,300 persons attended the Congress. The purpose of the Congress was twofold. On the one hand, there was a scientific facet which consisted of forty-nine invited mathematical lectures that were intended to establish the state of the art in the various branches of pure and applied mathematics. This scientific facet also included poster sessions where participants had the opportunity of presenting their work. Furthermore, twenty-four specialized meetings were held before and after the Congress. The second facet of the Congress was more original. It consisted of six teen round tables whose aim was to review the prospects for the interactions of mathematics, not only with other sciences, but also with society and in particular with education, European policy and industry. In connection with this second goal, the Congress also succeeded in bring ing mathematics to a broader public. In addition to the round tables specific ally devoted to this question, there was a mini-festival of mathematical films and two mathematical exhibits. Moreover, a Junior Mathematical Congress was organized, in parallel with the Congress, which brought together two hundred high school students."

Table of contents: Plenary Lectures * V.I. Arnold: The Vassiliev Theory of Discriminants and Knots * L. Babai: Transparent Proofs and Limits to Approximation * C. De Concini: Poisson Algebraic Groups and Representations of Quantum Groups at Roots of 1 * S.K. Donaldson: Gauge Theory and Four-Manifold Topology * W. Muller: Spectral Theory and Geometry * D. Mumford: Pattern Theory: A Unifying Perspective * A.-S. Sznitman: Brownian Motion and Obstacles * M. Vergne: Geometric Quantization and Equivariant Cohomology * Parallel Lectures * Z. Adamowicz: The Power of Exponentiation in Arithmetic * A. Bjorner: Subspace Arrangements * B. Bojanov: Optimal Recovery of Functions and Integrals * J.-M. Bony: Existence globale et diffusion pour les modeles discrets * R.E. Borcherds: Sporadic Groups and String Theory * J. Bourgain: A Harmonic Analysis Approach to Problems in Nonlinear Partial Differatial Equations * F. Catanese: (Some) Old and New Results on Algebraic Surfaces * Ch. Deninger: Evidence for a Cohomological Approach to Analytic Number Theory * S. Dostoglou and D.A. Salamon: Cauchy-Riemann Operators, Self-Duality, and the Spectral Flow

Table of Contents: D. Duffie: Martingales, Arbitrage, and Portfolio Choice * J. Frohlich: Mathematical Aspects of the Quantum Hall Effect * M. Giaquinta: Analytic and Geometric Aspects of Variational Problems for Vector Valued Mappings * U. Hamenstadt: Harmonic Measures for Leafwise Elliptic Operators Along Foliations * M. Kontsevich: Feynman Diagrams and Low-Dimensional Topology * S.B. Kuksin: KAM-Theory for Partial Differential Equations * M. Laczkovich: Paradoxical Decompositions: A Survey of Recent Results * J.-F. Le Gall: A Path-Valued Markov Process and its Connections with Partial Differential Equations * I. Madsen: The Cyclotomic Trace in Algebraic K-Theory * A.S. Merkurjev: Algebraic K-Theory and Galois Cohomology * J. Nekovar: Values of L-Functions and p-Adic Cohomology * Y.A. Neretin: Mantles, Trains and Representations of Infinite Dimensional Groups * M.A. Nowak: The Evolutionary Dynamics of HIV Infections * R. Piene: On the Enumeration of Algebraic Curves - from Circles to Instantons * A. Quarteroni: Mathematical Aspects of Domain Decomposition Methods * A. Schrijver: Paths in Graphs and Curves on Surfaces * B. Silverman: Function Estimation and Functional Data Analysis * V. Strassen: Algebra and Complexity * P. Tukia: Generalizations of Fuchsian and Kleinian Groups * C. Viterbo: Properties of Embedded Lagrange Manifolds * D. Voiculescu: Alternative Entropies in Operator Algebras * M. Wodzicki : Algebraic K-Theory and Functional Analysis * D. Zagier: Values of Zeta Functions and Their Applications

The first European Congress of Mathematics was held in Paris from July 6 to July 10, 1992, at the Sorbonne and Pantheon-Sorbonne universities. It was hoped that the Congress would constitute a symbol of the development of the community of European nations. More than 1,300 persons attended the Congress. The purpose of the Congress was twofold. On the one hand, there was a scientific facet which consisted of forty-nine invited mathematical lectures that were intended to establish the state of the art in the various branches of pure and applied mathematics. This scientific facet also included poster sessions where participants had the opportunity of presenting their work. Furthermore, twenty four specialized meetings were held before and after the Congress. The second facet of the Congress was more original. It consisted of sixteen round tables whose aim was to review the prospects for the interactions of mathe matics, not only with other sciences, but also with society and in particular with education, European policy and industry. In connection with this second goal, the Congress also succeeded in bringing mathematics to a broader public. In addition to the round tables specifically devoted to this question, there was a mini-festival of mathematical films and two mathematical exhibits. Moreover, a Junior Mathematical Congress was organized, in parallel with the Congress, which brought together two hundred high school students."

The first European Congress of Mathematics was held in Paris from July 6 to July 10, 1992, at the Sorbonne and Pantheon-Sorbonne universities. It was hoped that the Congress would constitute a symbol of the development of the community of European nations. More than 1,300 persons attended the Congress. The purpose of the Congress was twofold. On the one hand, there was a scientific facet which consisted of forty-nine invited mathematical lectures that were intended to establish the state of the art in the various branches of pure and applied mathematics. This scientific facet also included poster sessions where participants had the opportunity of presenting their work. Furthermore, twenty four specialized meetings were held before and after the Congress. The second facet of the Congress was more original. It consisted of sixteen round tables whose aim was to review the prospects for the interactions of mathe matics, not only with other sciences, but also with society and in particular with education, European policy and industry. In connection with this second goal, the Congress also succeeded in bringing mathematics to a broader public. In addition to the round tables specifically devoted to this question, there was a mini-festival of mathematical films and two mathematical exhibits. Moreover, a Junior Mathematical Congress was organized, in parallel with the Congress, which brought together two hundred high school students."

Table of Contents: D. Duffie: Martingales, Arbitrage, and Portfolio Choice * J. Frohlich: Mathematical Aspects of the Quantum Hall Effect * M. Giaquinta: Analytic and Geometric Aspects of Variational Problems for Vector Valued Mappings * U. Hamenstadt: Harmonic Measures for Leafwise Elliptic Operators Along Foliations * M. Kontsevich: Feynman Diagrams and Low-Dimensional Topology * S.B. Kuksin: KAM-Theory for Partial Differential Equations * M. Laczkovich: Paradoxical Decompositions: A Survey of Recent Results * J.-F. Le Gall: A Path-Valued Markov Process and its Connections with Partial Differential Equations * I. Madsen: The Cyclotomic Trace in Algebraic K-Theory * A.S. Merkurjev: Algebraic K-Theory and Galois Cohomology * J. Nekovar: Values of L-Functions and p-Adic Cohomology * Y.A. Neretin: Mantles, Trains and Representations of Infinite Dimensional Groups * M.A. Nowak: The Evolutionary Dynamics of HIV Infections * R. Piene: On the Enumeration of Algebraic Curves - from Circles to Instantons * A. Quarteroni: Mathematical Aspects of Domain Decomposition Methods * A. Schrijver: Paths in Graphs and Curves on Surfaces * B. Silverman: Function Estimation and Functional Data Analysis * V. Strassen: Algebra and Complexity * P. Tukia: Generalizations of Fuchsian and Kleinian Groups * C. Viterbo: Properties of Embedded Lagrange Manifolds * D. Voiculescu: Alternative Entropies in Operator Algebras * M. Wodzicki : Algebraic K-Theory and Functional Analysis * D. Zagier: Values of Zeta Functions and Their Applications

Table of contents: Plenary Lectures * V.I. Arnold: The Vassiliev Theory of Discriminants and Knots * L. Babai: Transparent Proofs and Limits to Approximation * C. De Concini: Poisson Algebraic Groups and Representations of Quantum Groups at Roots of 1 * S.K. Donaldson: Gauge Theory and Four-Manifold Topology * W. Muller: Spectral Theory and Geometry * D. Mumford: Pattern Theory: A Unifying Perspective * A.-S. Sznitman: Brownian Motion and Obstacles * M. Vergne: Geometric Quantization and Equivariant Cohomology * Parallel Lectures * Z. Adamowicz: The Power of Exponentiation in Arithmetic * A. Bjorner: Subspace Arrangements * B. Bojanov: Optimal Recovery of Functions and Integrals * J.-M. Bony: Existence globale et diffusion pour les modeles discrets * R.E. Borcherds: Sporadic Groups and String Theory * J. Bourgain: A Harmonic Analysis Approach to Problems in Nonlinear Partial Differatial Equations * F. Catanese: (Some) Old and New Results on Algebraic Surfaces * Ch. Deninger: Evidence for a Cohomological Approach to Analytic Number Theory * S. Dostoglou and D.A. Salamon: Cauchy-Riemann Operators, Self-Duality, and the Spectral Flow

In many domains one encounters "systems" of interacting elements, elements that interact more forcefully the closer they may be. The historical example upon which the theory offered in this book is based is that of magnetization as it is described by the Ising model. At the vertices of a regular lattice of sites, atoms "choos e" an orientation under the influence of the orientations of the neighboring atoms. But other examples are known, in physics (the theories of gasses, fluids, .. J, in biology (cells are increasingly likely to become malignant when their neighboring cells are malignant), or in medecine (the spread of contagious deseases, geogenetics, .. .), even in the social sciences (spread of behavioral traits within a population). Beyond the spacial aspect that is related to the idea of "neighboring" sites, the models for all these phenomena exhibit three common features: - The unavoidable ignorance about the totality of the phenomenon that is being studied and the presence of a great number of often unsuspected factors that are always unquantified lead inevitably to stochastic models. The concept of accident is very often inherent to the very nature of the phenomena considered, so, to justify this procedure, one has recourse to the physicist's principle of indeterminacy, or, for example, to the factor of chance in the Mendelian genetics of phenotypes.

In many domains one encounters "systems" of interacting elements, elements that interact more forcefully the closer they may be. The historical example upon which the theory offered in this book is based is that of magnetization as it is described by the Ising model. At the vertices of a regular lattice of sites, atoms "choos e" an orientation under the influence of the orientations of the neighboring atoms. But other examples are known, in physics (the theories of gasses, fluids, .. J, in biology (cells are increasingly likely to become malignant when their neighboring cells are malignant), or in medecine (the spread of contagious deseases, geogenetics, .. .), even in the social sciences (spread of behavioral traits within a population). Beyond the spacial aspect that is related to the idea of "neighboring" sites, the models for all these phenomena exhibit three common features: - The unavoidable ignorance about the totality of the phenomenon that is being studied and the presence of a great number of often unsuspected factors that are always unquantified lead inevitably to stochastic models. The concept of accident is very often inherent to the very nature of the phenomena considered, so, to justify this procedure, one has recourse to the physicist's principle of indeterminacy, or, for example, to the factor of chance in the Mendelian genetics of phenotypes.