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The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is a joint ESA/NASA
mission to study the Sun, from its deep core to the outer corona,
and the solar wind. SOHO was launched on 2 December 1995 and was
inserted into a halo orbit around the L1 Lagrangian point on 14
February 1996. From this vantage point it is continuously
monitoring the Sun, the heliosphere, and the solar wind particles
that stream toward the Earth. Nominal operations of the SOHO
mission started in April 1996 after commissioning of the spacecraft
and the scientific payload. Detailed descriptions of the twelve
instruments, which represent the most comprehensive set of solar
and heliospheric instruments ever developed and placed on the same
platform, can be found in "The SOHO" "Mission" ("Solar Physics,"
Vol. 162, Nos. 1-2, 1995).
This volume contains papers reporting the first scientific results
from the SOHO mission as well as descriptions of the in-flight
performance of some of the instruments, published in two parts of a
"Solar Physics" special (Part I in "Solar Physics," Vol. 170, No.
1; Part II in "Solar Physics," Vol. 175, No. 2). Unique data from
the three helioseismology instruments (GOLF, VIRGO, MDI/SOI)
provide new insights into the structure and dynamics of the solar
interior, from the deep core to the outermost layers of the
convection zone. The remote sensing instruments (SUMER, CDS, EIT,
LASCO, UVCS, SWAN) present exciting new data on a wide range of
topics such as transition region dynamics, coronal plumes, coronal
holes, streamers, and coronal mass ejections, giving us our first
comprehensive view of the outer solar atmosphere and corona. These
data are complemented by energetic particle measurements produced
by the ERNE instrument on board SOHO.
nd The 2 SORO Workshop on "Mass Supply and Flows in the Solar
Corona" was held in Marciana Mariana on the island of Elba, Italy,
in the week September 27 to October 1, 1993, as part of a series of
workshops planned by the Solar Corona and Particles Working Group
of the SOHO Science Working Team (SWT). The purpose of this
workshop series is to acquaint the solar community with the
capabilities of SORO, and prepare scientific projects and observing
plans for the mission. This Workshop, which was at tended by more
than one hundred scientists from different countries, focused on
the following topics: 1) Fine Scale Structures 2) Loops and
Prominences 3) Coronal Streamers 4) Coronal Roles and Solar Wind
Each of these four topics was introduced by an observational and a
theo retical overview highlighting the most recent advances in
their area. A third review illustrated how SORO might help in
solving open problems. Oral pa pers and poster presentations were
followed by Working Group sessions. On the last day of the Workshop
the Group Leaders reported on the activities of their Working
Group. These proceedings include most of the papers presented at
the Work shop, including the poster papers and Working Group
reports by the Group Leaders as well as two overview papers of the
SORO mission. All papers have been refereed.
SOHO, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, is a project of
international cooperation between ESA and NASA to study the Sun,
from its deep core to the outer corona, and the solar wind. To
achieve its scientific goals it carries a complement of twelve
sophisticated, state-of-the-art instruments. Three helioseismology
instruments are expected to provide unique data for the study of
the structure and dynamics of the solar interior, from the very
deep core to the outermost layers of the convection zone. A set of
five complementary remote sensing instruments, consisting of EUV
and UV imagers, spectrographs and coronagraphs, will give us our
first comprehensive view of the outer solar atmosphere and corona,
leading to a better understanding of the enigmatic coronal heating
and solar wind acceleration processes. Finally, three experiments
will complement the remote sensing observations by making in-situ
measurements of the composition and energy of the solar wind and
charged energetic particles. This volume contains detailed
descriptions of all the twelve instruments on board SOHO. Also
included are an overview paper and a description of the SOHO ground
system, science operations and data products. The aim of these
papers is to make the broader scientific community, and in
particular potential guest investigators, aware of the scientific
objectives and capabilities of the SOHO payload and to provide a
reference document for the various instruments.
The aim of the VIRGO investigation (Variability of solar IRradiance
and Gravity Oscillations) on SOHO (SOlar and Heliospheric
Observatory) is to determine the characteristics of pressure and
internal gravity oscillations by observing irradiance and radiance
variations, to measure the solar total and spectral irradiance and
to quantify their variability over periods of days to the duration
of the mission. VIRGO contains two different active-cavity
radiometers for monitoring the sol- ar 'constant' (DIARAD and
PM06-V), two three-channel sunphotometers (SPM) for the measurement
of the spectral irradiance at 402, 500, and 862 nm with a bandwidth
of 5 nm, and a low-resolution imager (Luminosity Oscillation
Imager, LOI) with 12 'scientific' and 4 guiding pixels, for
measuring the radiance dis- tribution over the solar disk: at 500
nm. The instrumentation has been described in detail by Frohlich et
al. (1995). In addition, the observed in-flight performance and
operational aspects of the irradiance observations are described by
Frohlich et al. (1997), and those of the LOI by Appourchaux et al.
(1997).
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