A collection of essays which grapple with the idea of what ancient history is, and in particular how the discipline can advance in a world that is no longer as tied to the exclusively literary methods of study epitomised by Classics . Whilst some of the papers are purely theoretical, most are demonstrative of future directions by taking a multidisciplinary approach to a particular issue. Interestingly, given the aim of moving away from a eurocentric view of the ancient world, a significant number of the contributors are from Brazilian or other non-European universities.