This book will be a comprehensive account of the various facets of nutraceuticals domain. The peruser of this book will find details on various nanotech approaches to nutraceuticals, prebiotics and probiotics, along with their specific applications.

The present book volume presents a holistic view of the aspects of nanobiomaterials incl. their stellar merits and limitations, applications in diverse fields, their futuristic promise in the fields of biomedical science and drug delivery. The federal & regulatory issues on the usage of nanobiomaterials have been assigned due consideration.

This book volume encompasses the recent trends made in the applications of nanoscale tools for diverse constituents of plants and agriculture, particularly in addressing the critical issues related to their safety, efficacy, and efficient and cost-efficient development and production.

The objective of this book is to provide the fundamental comprehension of a broad range of topics in an integrated volume such that readership hailing from diverse disciplines can rapidly acquire the necessary background for applying it in pertinent research and development field.

In the contemporary automotive manufacturing industry, service providers are continuously working to improve system optimization in order to remain competitive in the market and deliver quality products to satisfy their customers. With this comes the possibility of failure, rejection and reworking of the components or services in the system, which can incur high costs and impact the reputation of an organization. This book uses Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to assess, investigate and predict the Risk Priority Number (RPN) of potential failures for three companies within the manufacturing industry: A metal component supplier in the automotive sector Part manufacturer for the automobile and engineering industries Manufacturer of suspension components for commercial vehicles Integrating human expertise and artificial intelligence on a single platform, the authors use fuzzy logic as a tool to overcome the vagueness associated with traditional methods of assessing potential failures. The book also details the procedure and scales of how to conduct FMEA, offering guidance on how to input and rank each risk within manufacturing processes across a range of sectors's. Each of the three real-world cases offer suggested improvements for the companies themselves, alongside takeaways for researchers and professionals within the fields of manufacturing and supply chain management.

This study is based primarily on secondary sources in English language and takes issue with Sikh historians to offer novel perspectives on the nature and function of Sikh misls. It covers the period beginning in the fall of 1709 when Banda Bahadur and his small band of Khalsa warriors stormed into Punjab and the Baisakhi day in 1801 when Ranjit Singh was proclaimed Maharaja of the Punjab. During this period Punjab was buffeted by political turbulence and confusion. Mogul empire was losing its majesty and luster and embroiled with an endless spiral of wars of succession that weakened the imperial grip over Punjab. The Moguls confronted a two-front war on two geographically separate fronts. In the north, primarily in Punjab, the repeated forays of Afghan invader Abdali so emasculated Mogul hold over Punjab that the Mogul emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur ceded Lahore and Multan to Abdali. In the south the Marathas read the winds of change then blowing through imperial Mogul indicating an empire on the wane and in 1757 captured Delhi and vast swathes of countryside up to Saharanpur. With overpowering presence in the imperial city the Marathas now turned their eye on Punjab to drive the Afghan invader and occupier from the country. The Afghans and Marathas faced one another at Panipat. They fought three battles and in the final clash in January 1761 the Maratha army suffered a catastrophic defeat, ending Maratha hegemony over Punjab. Although Abdali managed to crush the Marathas once and for all, his ambition of hegemony over Punjab was quashed by his nemesis, the Sikh misls. And in this crucible of turbulence the Sikhs were to forge their destiny. Following the death of Banda Bahadur some of his followers for whom marauding had become a way of life formed their own jathas (gangs) and lived off plunder. On Baisakhi 1748 these bands or jathas were finally merged into one army, the Dal Khalsa divided into eleven misls with own name, leader and flag, under the supreme command of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. The twelfth misl was the Phulkian misl but it was not an integral part of the Dal Khalsa. Pillaging skills that the jathas honed over the years were employed to pounce on Abdali's booty-laden caravan, hit and grab as much of loot and make a getaway to their strongholds and bulwarks in the hills and jungles; redoubts built for the purpose of better securing their persons and property against Afghan and Mogul search parties. The misls pillaged villages, merchants and traders. In time they changed their tactics. Instead of terrorizing the villages and towns they offered them protection (rakhi) against interlopers and in return exact some form of tithe. As a misl amassed large treasure, it also attracted greater following. The stronger misls would flex their muscles and intimidate the weaker ones. Territorial influence intensified rivalry and political maneuverings prompting some misldars to invite their counterparts to launch an attack on a chieftain with whom they had a bone to pick with. They double-crossed each other and often aligned themselves with the enemy (Moguls or Afghans), without compunction. As the authority of prominent and wealthy misldars diminished on their passing or old age, Ranjit Singh, chief of Sukerchakia misl, was able to amalgamate or annex them under his flag and proclaimed Maharaja.

Transcutaneous drug delivery has many theoretical and practical advantage and disadvantages, and such issues are often a concern for both clinicians and patients. Transcutaneous patches are flexible pharmaceutical preparations of varying sizes, containing one or more active ingredient, intended to be applied to the unbroken skin in order to deliver the active ingredient to the systemic circulation after passing through the skin barriers. A transcutaneous patch or skin patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin into the bloodstream.Often, this promotes healing to an injured area of the body. In this method, the drug enters the bloodstream directly through skin and it avoid absorption and first pass effect. The drugs that have made it into the transdermal market include scopolamine, nitroglycerine, nicotine, clonidine, fantanyl, estradiol, testosterone, lidocaine, and oxybutinin . Recent additions to this list include lidocaine-tetracaine, selegiline, methyl phenidate, and rotigotine. However, the future focus is production of transdermal systems capable of delivering peptides, proteins including insuline

Guest is God representative and people feel lucky when receiving a guest at home and attitude gave it industrial thought. Hospitality is treating people like you would want to be treated when you are travelling. In other words, it means making a tourist feel totally welcome not only as your guest, but also as the guest of the Hotel. Hospitality is genuine smiling fact. Hospitality can be termed as a deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and the public, i.e., the business of making and keeping friends, and promoting and atmosphere of better understanding. As per the Oxford Dictionary hospitality is defined as 'Reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers with liberality and goodwill.' The word hospitality is derived from the latin word 'Hospitalities'. Very frequently we hear phrases like 'He is always hospitable to his visitors', 'We are grateful to friends for their hospitality in putting us up while we were on holiday',

It also examine the factors that led Punjab towards terrorism and its impact on the development of the state.

The work embodies development and systematic optimization of oral controlled release (CR) mucoadhesive hydrophilic matrices of atenolol using "Design of Experiments." A central composite design was used to optimize drug release profile and bioadhesive strength. Two polymers, namely, Carbopol 934P and sodium CMC, were taken as synergistic factors. The 3-D response surfaces and 2-D contour plots indicated significant effect of both the polymers on ex vivo bioadhesive strength of tablet against porcine gastric mucosa, diffusional release exponent and drug release extension. The optimized drug delivery formulation was selected by feasibility and grid searches based on maximization of the response variables. Validation of drug delivery optimization study using experimental runs indicated high prognostic ability of the chosen experimental design. Besides unraveling the effect of the two factors on various response variables, the study helped in finding the "optimized" formulation with excellent bioadhesive strength and extended release for 24 h, holding immense promise for once-a-day gastroretentive CR formulation and minimizing fluctuations in plasma drug levels.

Physical activity had started with the origin of mankind. All living species such as animals, birds, insects etc. also so activity to move their bodies. Each individual needs physical activity which starts from the birth of child and continues till death. Even before the birth, the child also does some movements in its mother's womb. Fitness is essence if not in name, has always been a concern of every human being and physical power from pre-historic times through history has been equated with survival and power. Evidences from excavations, Anthropology and history indicate that sports, games, dances and general play of children have formed a strong cultural pattern inseparably woven into the history of man wherever he lived. In the ancient times discussion about physical fitness frequently involves in arguments about definition. Fitness is not only a concern of country but it has become a world wide interest. In the present project the investigator has made an attempt to study the physical fitness of selected female students studying in Various Senior Secondary Schools in Patiala district in urban and rural areas.