A complete course for beginners, reflecting a multiplicity of roles. It has a slight bias towards the spoken language, with most of the course based on dialogue format, but also provides notes on relevant linguistic points on a sufficiently detailed level so that it can be used as a self-teaching material for independent learners with the help of tapes and instructions on tape.

This book examines the law and its development trends in the area of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Vietnam. It is an important reference in implementing the requirements of CPTPP and EVFTA in Vietnam, and it is also very important in improving the legal framework in Vietnam to comply with international standards, especially in the areas of labor, environment and consumer protection, and in raising awareness of CSR among Vietnamese companies. Many articles in this book analyze and assess the legal status of CSR, thus providing a number of constructive suggestions for improving the relevant laws in Vietnam. Corporate social responsibility is not only the contribution of corporate philanthropy to society, but also the compliance of companies with international standards and national laws in the fields of labor, environment, investment, labor security, social security, etc.  Against the backdrop of Vietnam's growing international integration, the requirement of corporate social responsibility has been, and continues to be, paramount in business activities. It is not only a need at the enterprise level, but is also related to the internationalization of international standards and the improvement of national laws on CSR.

This book explores stakeholders' perspectives, their practices, and engagement with enacting the employability agenda in the context of a rapidly changing world. It explains the need for developing graduate employability under socioeconomic, cultural, and political pressure exposed to the higher education sector. Largely framed within Bourdieu's concepts of social field, habitus, and capital, it explores international stakeholders' perspectives and experiences with graduate employability agenda in different contexts, which serves as a point of reference for the adoption of such initiatives. Based on empirical evidence, the authors develop a new graduate employability framework seeing it as a lifelong process, denote the relationships between types of employability capital, and shed light on the consequences of different strategies to translate employability capital to employment and career outcomes. Overall, this book generates both theoretical and practical insights which help to advance employability programs, better prepare the future workforce, and anticipate turbulence in the labour markets.

This book reports on an empirical study of oral feedback practices in doctoral supervision meetings, observing supervisors' and students' conduct to enable a new understanding of the social organisation of doctoral research supervision. In a field that has predominantly drawn on surveys and interviews, this study presents a rare, direct insight into doctoral supervision meetings, showing us what actually happens and making a significant contribution to future practice. Based on 25 video-recorded supervision meetings at an Australian university, the book invites the reader into the micro-world of interactions between doctoral students and their supervisors. Drawing on conversation analysis as an analytical framework, the study uncovers how feedback is initiated and delivered, how supervisors manage when students disagree with their advice and guidance, how they acknowledge student autonomy and identity as people with knowledge and expertise in their own right, as well as how supervisors co-work within a team supervision environment. Offering an important new perspective to the study and practice of doctoral supervision, this book will be of interest to doctoral supervisors, postgraduate students and researchers working with conversation analysis and education, and those with an interest in feedback and advice as an integral part of their professions.

This book examines the role of government fiscal and non-fiscal incentives in spurring innovation and entrepreneurship in developed and developing economies. It explores and examines the role of government programs in different stages of firm growth pre-startup, startup, and scale-up. By developing a theoretical framework and reviewing international evidence, the book identifies the best combination of government incentives to stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship, and provides concrete policy recommendations for decision-makers. Some of the issues tackled in this book include national innovation policy, innovation support programs, effectiveness of the support, challenges associated with the programs, risk-sharing and partnerships for innovation. This book is of interest to academics, students, practitioners, policymakers, governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as other stakeholders who wants to be informed about the challenges, progress and current trend in stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship.

Explores basic and high-level concepts, thus serving as a manual for those in the industry while also helping beginners to understand both basic and advanced aspects Based on the latest technologies, covering the major challenges, issues, and advances of big data and data analytics in green computing Covers intelligent data management and automated systems through big data and data analytics Presents the use of machine learning using big data Provides advanced system implementation for smart cities

Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to modern Vietnamese. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language in short, readable sections. Features include: Clear and up-to-date examples of modern usage. Special attention to those points which often cause problems to English-speaking learners. Vietnamese / English comparisons and contrasts highlighted throughout. The final section covers pronunciation, providing an introduction to the syllable structure of Vietnamese, and highlighting common errors made by English-speaking learners. Accompanying audio tracks for this chapter are available at www.routledge.com/9781138210707. Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is ideal for learners involved in independent study and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to modern Vietnamese. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language in short, readable sections. Features include: Clear and up-to-date examples of modern usage. Special attention to those points which often cause problems to English-speaking learners. Vietnamese / English comparisons and contrasts highlighted throughout. The final section covers pronunciation, providing an introduction to the syllable structure of Vietnamese, and highlighting common errors made by English-speaking learners. Accompanying audio tracks for this chapter are available at www.routledge.com/9781138210707. Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is ideal for learners involved in independent study and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

This edited volume is a collection of latest research findings on topical issues in international trade theory and policy. The chapters are contributed by well known academic economists around the globe as a tribute to Professor Murray Kemp's 80th birthday. They cover three broad areas of globalization and emerging issues in international trade. The first part of the volume, containing five chapters, deals with trade liberalization and outsourcing. These chapters examine the role of the WTO, trade liberalization as a game under uncertainty, a Chamberlinian-Ricardian model, liberalization of government procurements, and outsourcing and import restriction policies. The second part of the volume, also containing five chapters, examines trading clubs and preferential trading agreements. These chapters extend the original Kemp-Wan proposition concerning customs unions in various directions. The final part of this book consists of six chapters on various aspects of trade and aid. These include a review of Kemp's contributions to trade and welfare economics, gains from trade and refusal to trade, increasing returns and oligopoly, tariff policy and foreign economic aid, infrastructure aid and deindustrialization, and environmental regulation and tourism.

This books aims to present fundamental aspects of optical communication techniques and advanced modulation techniques and extensive applications of optical communications systems and networks employing single-mode optical fibers as the transmission system. New digital techqniues such as chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, nonlinear phase distortion effects, etc. will be discussed. Practical models for practice and understanding the behavior and dynamics of the devices and systems will be included.

A comprehensive presentation of the theory and simulation of optical waveguides and wave propagations in a guided environment, Guided Wave Photonics: Fundamentals and Applications with MATLAB (R) supplies fundamental and advanced understanding of integrated optical devices that are currently employed in modern optical fiber communications systems and photonic signal processing systems. While there are many texts available in this area, none provide the breadth and depth of coverage and computational rigor found in this one. The author has distilled the information into a very practical, usable format. In a logical progression of theory and application, he starts with Maxwell's equations and progresses directly to optical waveguides (integrated optic and fiber optic), couplers, modulators, nonlinear effects and interactions, and system applications. With up-to-date coverage of applicable algorithms, design guides, material systems, and the latest device and system applications, the book addresses: Fundamentals of guiding optical waves, including theoretical and simplified techniques Linear and nonlinear aspects of optical waveguiding Manipulating lightwaves by coupling and splitting Interactions of lightwaves and ultra-fast electrical travelling waves in modern optical modulators Applications of guided wave devices in optical communication systems and optical signal processing Providing fundamental understanding of lightwave guiding and manipulating techniques, the text covers the field of integrated photonics by giving the principles, theoretical and applications. It explains how to solve the optical modes and their coupling as well as how to manipulate lightwaves for applications in communications and signal processing.

Transmitting information over optical fibers requires a high degree of signal integrity due to noise levels existing in optical systems. Proper methods and techniques for noise evaluations are critical in achieving high-performance. This book provides a fundamental understanding of noise generation processes in optical communications and photonic signals. It discusses techniques for noise evaluation in optical communication systems, especially digital optical systems, as well as transmission systems performance and noise impacts in photonic processing systems

The potential of photonic signal processing (PSP) to overcome electronic limits for processing ultra-wideband signals, provide signal conditioning that can be integrated in line with fiber optic systems, and improve signal quality makes this technology extremely attractive for improvement in receiver sensitivity performance. Spanning the current transitional period, Photonic Signal Processing: Techniques and Applications addresses the merging techniques of processing and manipulating signals propagating in the optical domain. The book begins with a historical perspective of PSP and introduces photonic components essential for photonic processing systems, such as optical amplification devices, optical fibers, and optical modulators. The author demonstrates the representation of photonic circuits via a signal flow graph technique adapted for photonic domain. He describes photonic signal processors, such as differentiators and integrators, and their applications for the generation of solitons, and then covers the application of these solitons in optically amplified fiber transmission systems. The book illustrates the compensation dispersion using a photonic processor, the design of optical filters using photonic processor techniques, and the filtering of microwave signals in the optical domain. Exploring methods for the processing of signals in the optical domain, the book includes solutions to photonic circuits that use signal flow techniques and significant applications in short pulse generation, the filtering of signals, differentiation, and the integration of signals. It delineates fundamental techniques on the processing of signals in the optical domain as well as their applications that lead to advanced aspects of performing generation of short pulses, integration, differentiation, and filtering for optical communications systems and networks and processing of ultra-high speed signals.

Ultrashort pulses in mode-locked lasers are receiving focused attention from researchers looking to apply them in a variety of fields, from optical clock technology to measurements of the fundamental constants of nature and ultrahigh-speed optical communications. Ultrashort pulses are especially important for the next generation of ultrahigh-speed optical systems and networks operating at 100 Gbps per carrier. Ultra Fast Fiber Lasers: Principles and Applications with MATLAB (R) Models is a self-contained reference for engineers and others in the fields of applied photonics and optical communications. Covering both fundamentals and advanced research, this book includes both theoretical and experimental results. MATLAB files are included to provide a basic grounding in the simulation of the generation of short pulses and the propagation or circulation around nonlinear fiber rings. With its unique and extensive content, this volume- Covers fundamental principles involved in the generation of ultrashort pulses employing fiber ring lasers, particularly those that incorporate active optical modulators of amplitude or phase types Presents experimental techniques for the generation, detection, and characterization of ultrashort pulse sequences derived from several current schemes Describes the multiplication of ultrashort pulse sequences using the Talbot diffraction effects in the time domain via the use of highly dispersive media Discusses developments of multiple short pulses in the form of solitons binding together by phase states Elucidates the generation of short pulse sequences and multiple wavelength channels from a single fiber laser The most practical short pulse sources are always found in the form of guided wave photonic structures. This minimizes problems with alignment and eases coupling into fiber transmission systems. In meeting these requirements, fiber ring lasers operating in active mode serve well as suitable ultrashort pulse sources. It is only a matter of time before scientists building on this research develop the practical and easy-to-use applications that will make ultrahigh-speed optical systems universally available.

This books aims to present fundamental aspects of optical communication techniques and advanced modulation techniques and extensive applications of optical communications systems and networks employing single-mode optical fibers as the transmission system. New digital techqniues such as chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, nonlinear phase distortion effects, etc. will be discussed. Practical models for practice and understanding the behavior and dynamics of the devices and systems will be included.

For beginning learners of Vietnamese, here's everything needed to learn the language effectively! Speak, read and write Vietnamese as it's actually used in real-life contexts in Vietnam today. This book has everything you need to learn the language effectively and to quickly achieve basic proficiency. No prior knowledge of Vietnamese is necessary Learn to communicate in everyday situations Connect with the cultural context of the language Includes 8 hours of native-speaker audio recordings Elementary Vietnamese was originally developed for classroom use at Harvard University and is designed to provide a solid grounding in Vietnamese grammar, usage and pronunciation. The lessons are carefully structured to guide you through the essential sentence patterns from your first encounter with them in dialogues to more detailed explanations and exercises. Each lesson contains a helpful cultural note and commonly-used proverbs and idiomatic expressions. This revised edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect recent developments in the language and culture. It includes audio recordings by native Vietnamese speakers for all of the lessons. Innovative pronunciation drills help you to improve your pronunciation and new usage examples, exercises and photos explore the diversity, heritage and history of today's Vietnam.

This second edition of Digital Optical Communications provides a comprehensive treatment of the modern aspects of coherent homodyne and self-coherent reception techniques using algorithms incorporated in digital signal processing (DSP) systems and DSP-based transmitters to overcome several linear and nonlinear transmission impairments and frequency mismatching between the local oscillator and the carrier, as well as clock recovery and cycle slips. These modern transmission systems have emerged as the core technology for Tera-bits per second (bps) and Peta-bps optical Internet for the near future. Featuring extensive updates to all existing chapters, Advanced Digital Optical Communications, Second Edition: Contains new chapters on optical fiber structures and propagation, optical coherent receivers, DSP equalizer algorithms, and high-order spectral DSP receivers Examines theoretical foundations, practical case studies, and MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R) models for simulation transmissions Includes new end-of-chapter practice problems and useful appendices to supplement technical information Downloadable content available with qualifying course adoption Advanced Digital Optical Communications, Second Edition supplies a fundamental understanding of digital communication applications in optical communication technologies, emphasizing operation principles versus heavy mathematical analysis. It is an ideal text for aspiring engineers and a valuable professional reference for those involved in optics, telecommunications, electronics, photonics, and digital signal processing.

Wireless communications allow high-speed mobile access to a global Internet based on ultra-wideband backbone intercontinental and terrestrial networks. Both of these environments support the carrying of information via electromagnetic waves that are wireless (in free air) or guided through optical fibers. Wireless and Guided Wave Electromagnetics: Fundamentals and Applications explores the fundamental aspects of electromagnetic waves in wireless media and wired guided media. This is an essential subject for engineers and physicists working with communication technologies, mobile networks, and optical communications. This comprehensive book: Builds from the basics to modern topics in electromagnetics for wireless and optical fiber communication Examines wireless radiation and the guiding of optical waves, which are crucial for carrying high-speed information in long-reach optical networking scenarios Explains the physical phenomena and practical aspects of guiding optical waves that may not require detailed electromagnetic solutions Explores applications of electromagnetic waves in optical communication systems and networks based on frequency domain transfer functions in the linear regions, which simplifies the physical complexity of the waves but still allows them to be examined from a system engineering perspective Uses MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R) models to simulate and illustrate the electromagnetic fields Includes worked examples, laboratory exercises, and problem sets to test understanding The book's modular structure makes it suitable for a variety of courses, for self-study, or as a resource for research and development. Throughout, the author emphasizes issues commonly faced by engineers. Going a step beyond traditional electromagnetics textbooks, this book highlights specific uses of electromagnetic waves with a focus on the wireless and optical technologies that are increasingly important for high-speed transmission over very long distances.

Nonlinear Optical Systems: Principles, Phenomena, and Advanced Signal Processing is a simplified overview of the evolution of technology associated with nonlinear systems and advanced signal processing. This book's coverage ranges from fundamentals to phenomena to the most cutting-edge aspects of systems for next-generation biomedical monitoring and nonlinear optical transmission. The authors address how these systems are applied through photonic signal processing in contemporary optical systems for communications and/or laser systems. They include a concise but sufficient explanation of mathematical representation of nonlinear equations to provide insight into nonlinear dynamics at different phases. The book also describes advanced aspects of solitons and bound solitons for passive- and active-mode locked fiber lasers, in which higher-order differential equations can be employed to represent the dynamics of amplitude evolution in the current or voltages of lightwaves in such systems. Covering a wide range of topics, this book: Introduces nonlinear systems and some mathematical representations, particularly the routes to chaos and bifurcation Describes nonlinear fiber lightwave lasing systems Covers nonlinear phenomena in fiber lasers, including both passive and active energy storage cavities Experimentally and theoretically demonstrates soliton pulses, in which lightwaves are the carrier under their envelopes Assembles and demonstrates sequences of both single and multiple solitons in a group and then assesses their dynamics in detail Examines the evolution of bound solitons, which are transmitted through single-mode optical fibers that compose a phase variation system This text outlines the theory and techniques used in nonlinear physics and applications for physical systems. It also illustrates the use of MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R) computer models and processing techniques for nonlinear signals. Building on readers' newly acquired fundamental understanding of nonlinear systems and associated signal processing, the book then demonstrates the use of such applications in real-world, practical environments.

This second edition of Digital Optical Communications provides a comprehensive treatment of the modern aspects of coherent homodyne and self-coherent reception techniques using algorithms incorporated in digital signal processing (DSP) systems and DSP-based transmitters to overcome several linear and nonlinear transmission impairments and frequency mismatching between the local oscillator and the carrier, as well as clock recovery and cycle slips. These modern transmission systems have emerged as the core technology for Tera-bits per second (bps) and Peta-bps optical Internet for the near future. Featuring extensive updates to all existing chapters, Advanced Digital Optical Communications, Second Edition: Contains new chapters on optical fiber structures and propagation, optical coherent receivers, DSP equalizer algorithms, and high-order spectral DSP receivers Examines theoretical foundations, practical case studies, and MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R) models for simulation transmissions Includes new end-of-chapter practice problems and useful appendices to supplement technical information Downloadable content available with qualifying course adoption Advanced Digital Optical Communications, Second Edition supplies a fundamental understanding of digital communication applications in optical communication technologies, emphasizing operation principles versus heavy mathematical analysis. It is an ideal text for aspiring engineers and a valuable professional reference for those involved in optics, telecommunications, electronics, photonics, and digital signal processing.

Carefully structured to instill practical knowledge of fundamental issues, Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R) Models describes the modeling of optically amplified fiber communications systems using MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R). This lecture-based book focuses on concepts and interpretation, mathematical procedures, and engineering applications, shedding light on device behavior and dynamics through computer modeling. Supplying a deeper understanding of the current and future state of optical systems and networks, this Second Edition: Reflects the latest developments in optical fiber communications technology Includes new and updated case studies, examples, end-of-chapter problems, and MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R) models Emphasizes DSP-based coherent reception techniques essential to advancement in short- and long-term optical transmission networks Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R) Models, Second Edition is intended for use in university and professional training courses in the specialized field of optical communications. This text should also appeal to students of engineering and science who have already taken courses in electromagnetic theory, signal processing, and digital communications, as well as to optical engineers, designers, and practitioners in industry.