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While development has been the foremost agenda before successive
governments in India, it has been viewed narrowly - from the
perspective of economic development and particularly in terms of
gross domestic product (GDP). This book questions such an approach.
It breaks from the conventional wisdom of GDP growth as being a
definitive measure of the success of a country's policies and
offers an alternative development philosophy. The author contends
that people's economic and social welfare, life satisfaction,
self-fulfilment and happiness should be treated as indicators of
real development. The book underlines that in a successful model of
development, the country's economic policies will have to synergize
with its cultural ethos and that the objective of development
should be gross national happiness and well-being of the people.
This book will be useful to scholars and researchers of development
studies, economics, public policy and administration, governance,
political science and sociology, as well as to policymakers.
While development has been the foremost agenda before successive
governments in India, it has been viewed narrowly - from the
perspective of economic development and particularly in terms of
gross domestic product (GDP). This book questions such an approach.
It breaks from the conventional wisdom of GDP growth as being a
definitive measure of the success of a country's policies and
offers an alternative development philosophy. The author contends
that people's economic and social welfare, life satisfaction,
self-fulfilment and happiness should be treated as indicators of
real development. The book underlines that in a successful model of
development, the country's economic policies will have to synergize
with its cultural ethos and that the objective of development
should be gross national happiness and well-being of the people.
This book will be useful to scholars and researchers of development
studies, economics, public policy and administration, governance,
political science and sociology, as well as to policymakers.
The complete shop floor automation - a "lights out factory," where
workers initially set up all machines, turn off the lights, lock
the door and the machine churns up the parts - remains an
unfulfilled dream. Yet when we look at the enormity of the process
of automation and integration even for the most simply conceived
part factory, we can recognize that automation has been applied and
is being applied, more so when it made sense from a cost/benefit
standpoint. It is our nature to be dissatisfied with near term
progress, but when we realize how short a time the tools to do that
automation have been available, the progress is clearly noteworthy
- considering the multitudes of factors and the environment we have
to deal with. Most of the automa tion problems we confront in
today's environment are multidisciplinary in nature. They require
not just the knowledge and experience in various distinct fields
but good cooperation from different disci plined organizations to
adequately comprehend and solve such problems. In Volume III we
have many examples that reflect the current state of the art
techniques of robotics and plant automation. The papers for Volume
III have been arranged in a logical order of automation planning,
automated assembly, robot programming and simula tion, control,
motion coordination, communication and networking to factories of
the future."
This volume is about automation - automation in design, automation
in manufacturing, and automation in production. Automation is essen
tial for increased productivity of quality products at reduced
costs. That even partial or piecemeal automation of a production
facility can deliver dramatic improvements in productivity has been
amply demon strated in many a real-life situation. Hence,
currently, great ef forts are being devoted to research and
development of general as well special methodologies of and tools
for automation. This volume re ports on some of these methodologies
and tools. In general terms, methodologies for automation can be
divided into two groups. There are situations where a process,
whether open-loop or closed-loop, is fairly clearly understood. In
such a situation, it is possible to create a mathematical model and
to prescribe a mathe matical procedure to optimize the output. If
such mathematical models and procedures are computationally
tractable, we call the correspond ing automation - algorithmic or
parametric programming. There is, however, a second set of
situations which include process es that are not well understood
and the available mathematical models are only approximate and
discrete. While there are others for which mathematical procedures
are so complex and disjoint that they are computationally
intractable. These are the situations for which heuristics are
quite suitable for automation. We choose to call such automation,
knowledge-based automation or heuristic programming."
The total integration of the process of designing, manufacturing,
and supporting a product from the earliest conceptual phase to the
time it is removed from service remains an unfulfilled dream. Yet,
when we look at the enormity of the process of integration even for
the most simply conceived and manufactured items, we can recognize
that substantial progress has been and is being made. It is our
nature to be dissatisfied with near term progress, but when we
realize how short a time the tools to do that integration have been
available, the progress is clearly noteworthy - considering the
multitudes of subjects we have to deal with. Most of the
integration problems we confront today are multidisciplinary in
nature. They require not only the knowledge and experience in a
variety of fields but also good cooperation from different
disciplined organizations to adequately comprehend and solve such
problems. In Volume I we have many examples that reflect the
current state of the art in integration of engineer ing and
production processes. The papers for Volume I have been arranged in
a more or less logical order of conceptual. design, computer-based
modeling, analysis, production, and manufacturing. Chapter I is
devoted to those with a design and geometrie modeling emphasis;
Chapter II is devoted to an engineering analysis emphasis; and
Chapter III to a production/manufacturing emphasis."
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