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This book provides a general formalism for the calculation of the
spectral correlation function for the fluctuating electromagnetic
field. The procedure is applied to the radiative heat transfer and
the van der Waals friction using both the semi-classical theory of
the fluctuating electromagnetic field and quantum field theory.
Applications of the radiative heat transfer and non-contact
friction to scanning probe spectroscopy are presented. The theory
gives a tentative explanation for the experimental non-contact
friction data. The book explains that radiative heat transfer and
the van der Waals friction are largely enhanced at short
separations between the bodies due to the evanescent
electromagnetic waves. Particular strong enhancement occurs if the
surfaces of the bodies can support localized surface modes like
surface plasmons, surface polaritons or adsorbate vibrational
modes. An electromagnetic field outside a moving body can also be
created by static charges which are always present on the surface
of the body due to inhomogeneities, or due to a bias voltage. This
electromagnetic field produces electrostatic friction which can be
significantly enhanced if on the surface of the body there is a 2D
electron or hole system or an incommensurate adsorbed layer of ions
exhibiting acoustic vibrations.
This book provides a general formalism for the calculation of the
spectral correlation function for the fluctuating electromagnetic
field. The procedure is applied to the radiative heat transfer and
the van der Waals friction using both the semi-classical theory of
the fluctuating electromagnetic field and quantum field theory.
Applications of the radiative heat transfer and non-contact
friction to scanning probe spectroscopy are presented. The theory
gives a tentative explanation for the experimental non-contact
friction data. The book explains that radiative heat transfer and
the van der Waals friction are largely enhanced at short
separations between the bodies due to the evanescent
electromagnetic waves. Particular strong enhancement occurs if the
surfaces of the bodies can support localized surface modes like
surface plasmons, surface polaritons or adsorbate vibrational
modes. An electromagnetic field outside a moving body can also be
created by static charges which are always present on the surface
of the body due to inhomogeneities, or due to a bias voltage. This
electromagnetic field produces electrostatic friction which can be
significantly enhanced if on the surface of the body there is a 2D
electron or hole system or an incommensurate adsorbed layer of ions
exhibiting acoustic vibrations.
The study of sliding friction is one of the oldest problems in
physics, and certainly one of the most important from a practical
point of view. Low-friction surfaces are in increasingly high
demand for high-tech components such as computer storage systems,
miniature motors, and aerospace devices. It has been estimated that
about 5% of the gross national product in the developed countries
is "wasted" on friction and the related wear. In spite of this,
remarkable little is understood about the fundamental, microscopic
processes responsible for friction and wear. The topic of
interfacial sliding has experienced a major burst of in terest and
activity since 1987, much of which has developed quite
independently and spontaneously. This volume contains contributions
from leading scientists on fundamental aspects of sliding friction.
Some problems considered are: What is the origin of stick-and-slip
motion? What is the origin of the rapid processes taking place
within a lub at low sliding velocities? On a metallic surface, is
the rication layer electronic or phononic friction the dominating
energy dissipation pro cess? What is the role (if any) of
self-organized criticality in sliding friction? How thick is the
water layer during sliding on ice and snow? These and other
questions raised in this book are of course only part ly answered:
the topic of sliding friction is still in an early state of
development."
The study of sliding friction is one of the oldest problems in
physics, and certainly one of the most important from a practical
point of view. Low-friction surfaces are in increasingly high
demand for high-tech components such as computer storage systems,
miniature motors, and aerospace devices. It has been estimated that
about 5% of the gross national product in the developed countries
is "wasted" on friction and the related wear. In spite of this,
remarkable little is understood about the fundamental, microscopic
processes responsible for friction and wear. The topic of
interfacial sliding has experienced a major burst of in terest and
activity since 1987, much of which has developed quite
independently and spontaneously. This volume contains contributions
from leading scientists on fundamental aspects of sliding friction.
Some problems considered are: What is the origin of stick-and-slip
motion? What is the origin of the rapid processes taking place
within a lub at low sliding velocities? On a metallic surface, is
the rication layer electronic or phononic friction the dominating
energy dissipation pro cess? What is the role (if any) of
self-organized criticality in sliding friction? How thick is the
water layer during sliding on ice and snow? These and other
questions raised in this book are of course only part ly answered:
the topic of sliding friction is still in an early state of
development."
The ability to produce durable low-friction surfaces and lubricant
fluids has become an important factor in the miniaturization of
moving components in many technological devices, e.g., magnetic
storage, recording systems, miniature motors and many aerospace
components. This book will be useful to physicists, chemists,
materials scientists, and engineers who need to understand sliding
friction. This second edition covers several new topics including
friction on superconductors, simulations of the layering
transition, nanoindentation, wear in combustion engines, rolling
and sliding of carbon nanotubes, and the friction dynamics of
granular materials.
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