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Today, any regular newspaper reader is likely to be exposed to
reports on manifold forms of (physical, emotional, sexual) child
abuse on the one hand, and abnormal behavior, misconduct or
offences of children and minors on the other hand. Occasionally
reports on children as victims and children as offenders may appear
on the same issue or even the same page. Rather seldom the more
complex and largely hidden phenomena of structural hostility or
indifference of society with a view to children are being dealt
with in the press. Such fragmentary, ambiguous, incoherent or even
contradictory perception of children in modem society indicates
that, firstly, there is a lack of reliable information on modem
childhood, and secondly, children are still treated as a
comparatively irrelevant population group in society. This
conclusion may be surprising in particular when drawn at the end of
The Century of the Child proclaimed by Ellen Key as early as 1902.
Actually, there exist unclarities and ambiguities about the
evolution of childhood in the last century not only in public
opinion, but also in scientific literature. While De Mause with his
psycho-historic model of the evolution of childhood, comprising
different stages from infanticide, abandonment, ambivalence,
intrusion, socialisation to support, underlines the continuous
improvement of the condition of childhood throughout history and
thus rather confirms Key's expectations, Aries, with his social
history of childhood, seems to hold a more culturally pessimistic
view.
Today, any regular newspaper reader is likely to be exposed to
reports on manifold forms of (physical, emotional, sexual) child
abuse on the one hand, and abnormal behavior, misconduct or
offences of children and minors on the other hand. Occasionally
reports on children as victims and children as offenders may appear
on the same issue or even the same page. Rather seldom the more
complex and largely hidden phenomena of structural hostility or
indifference of society with a view to children are being dealt
with in the press. Such fragmentary, ambiguous, incoherent or even
contradictory perception of children in modem society indicates
that, firstly, there is a lack of reliable information on modem
childhood, and secondly, children are still treated as a
comparatively irrelevant population group in society. This
conclusion may be surprising in particular when drawn at the end of
The Century of the Child proclaimed by Ellen Key as early as 1902.
Actually, there exist unclarities and ambiguities about the
evolution of childhood in the last century not only in public
opinion, but also in scientific literature. While De Mause with his
psycho-historic model of the evolution of childhood, comprising
different stages from infanticide, abandonment, ambivalence,
intrusion, socialisation to support, underlines the continuous
improvement of the condition of childhood throughout history and
thus rather confirms Key's expectations, Aries, with his social
history of childhood, seems to hold a more culturally pessimistic
view.
Global processes have an increasing influence on local contexts and
the nature and distribution of opportunities among populations
across the globe. While capital and population mobility, advances
in information and communications technology, and economic
liberalization have fostered economic development,
industrialization, and wealth for some, they have also engendered
growing inequalities in income, prosperity, well-being, and access.
Those left behind by these global transformations often experience
not only material deprivation, but broader dislocation from the
contexts, institutions, and capabilities that provide access to
social and economic opportunity. The concept of "social exclusion"
has been widely adopted to describe the conditions of economic,
social, political, and/or cultural marginalization experienced by
particular groups of people due to extreme poverty, discrimination,
dislocation, and disenfranchisement. This book explores the
dynamics of social exclusion within the context of globalization
across four countries-China, India, South Korea, and the United
States. In particular, it examines how social exclusion is defined,
manifested, and responded to with regard to diverse social arenas
and processes, varying mechanisms and scales, and a range of
impacted populations. Based on collaborative research activities
and in-depth deliberation among leading scholars from major
academic institutions in each of the four aforementioned countries,
the volume provides a rich account of the interplay between
globalization and social exclusion, while highlighting the ways in
which responses may be more or less effective in different
contexts. Its insights will be of particular interest to academics,
researchers, and students across diverse social science
disciplines.
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