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Humans are diurnal organisms whose biological clock and temporal
organization depend on natural light/dark cycles. Changes in the
photoperiod are a signal for seasonal acclimatization of
physiological and immune systems as well as behavioral patterns.
The invention of electrical light bulbs created more opportunities
for work and leisure. However, exposure to artificial light at
night (LAN) affects our biological clock, and suppresses pineal
melatonin (MLT) production. Among its other properties, MLT is an
antioncogenic agent, and therefore its suppression increases the
risks of developing breast and prostate cancers (BC&PC). To the
best of our knowledge, this book is the first to address the
linkage between light pollution and BC&PC in humans. It
explains several state-of-the-art theories, linking light pollution
with BC&PC. It also illustrates research hypotheses about
health effects of light pollution using the results of animal
models and population-based studies.
Humans are diurnal organisms whose biological clock and temporal
organization depend on natural light/dark cycles. Changes in the
photoperiod are a signal for seasonal acclimatization of
physiological and immune systems as well as behavioral patterns.
The invention of electrical light bulbs created more opportunities
for work and leisure. However, exposure to artificial light at
night (LAN) affects our biological clock, and suppresses pineal
melatonin (MLT) production. Among its other properties, MLT is an
antioncogenic agent, and therefore its suppression increases the
risks of developing breast and prostate cancers (BC&PC). To the
best of our knowledge, this book is the first to address the
linkage between light pollution and BC&PC in humans. It
explains several state-of-the-art theories, linking light pollution
with BC&PC. It also illustrates research hypotheses about
health effects of light pollution using the results of animal
models and population-based studies.
Despite the common understanding of the importance of desert
development in the contemporary world, there are relatively few
books published to date on this sub ject. The books and collective
volumes published in this field deal primarily with environmental
and physical aspects of desert development such as soil, agricul
ture, vegetation, water resources, etc. In contrast, this book
addresses the issues of regional and urban development in desert
areas, which have not been given sufficient attention. The present
book is socially oriented. It considers physical development of
desert regions not as an end in itself, but rather as an essential
precondition for creating socially attractive and desirable
environments for human settlement. The book addresses the issues of
desert development at three distinctive conceptual levels - region,
urban envi ronment, and building -and deals with both cold and hot
deserts. Approximately half of the chapters in this book are
original contributions that have not been published elsewhere. The
remaining chapters fall into two groups: 1) chapters which have
been reprinted from various refereed journals, and 2) chapters
initially printed elsewhere and revised by their respective authors
specifi cally for this collective volume. In the former case,
permission to reproduce the material has been obtained from the
respective copyright holders, and the details of original
publication and names of copyright holders are indicated in
footnotes."
1 2 Daniel Felsenstein and Boris A. Portnov 1 Department of
Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 2 Department of
Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of
Haifa, Israel During the Candiot War of 1645-1669, the Ottoman
Sultan Ibrahim I ordered his chief admiral to attack Malta. Fearing
imminent defeat by the superior Venetian forces stationed on the
island, the admiral decided to trick the sultan out of the idea. As
the story goes, he placed a candle on his naval map, allowing the
wax to drip on the tiny island until it was completely covered.
Then he exclaimed in false surprise, "Malta Yok " (There is no
Malta ), and convinced the sultan to sail his fleet to the Island
of Crete instead. Although Malta is not featured in this volume,
most of the countries it covers are of "wax drip" size.
Intuitively, it may be expected that everything in small countries
is diminutive: distances, population, economies, and even regional
inequalities. Thus, at a symposium on "The Challenge of
Development" convened in Israel in 1957 to mark the inauguration of
a new building for the Department of Economics at the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, the eminent US economist Simon Kuznets
stated that "developed small states seem to have succeeded in
spreading the fruits of economic growth more widely among their
populations than the larger states at comparable levels of income
per capita."
1 2 Daniel Felsenstein and Boris A. Portnov 1 Department of
Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 2 Department of
Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of
Haifa, Israel During the Candiot War of 1645-1669, the Ottoman
Sultan Ibrahim I ordered his chief admiral to attack Malta. Fearing
imminent defeat by the superior Venetian forces stationed on the
island, the admiral decided to trick the sultan out of the idea. As
the story goes, he placed a candle on his naval map, allowing the
wax to drip on the tiny island until it was completely covered.
Then he exclaimed in false surprise, "Malta Yok " (There is no
Malta ), and convinced the sultan to sail his fleet to the Island
of Crete instead. Although Malta is not featured in this volume,
most of the countries it covers are of "wax drip" size.
Intuitively, it may be expected that everything in small countries
is diminutive: distances, population, economies, and even regional
inequalities. Thus, at a symposium on "The Challenge of
Development" convened in Israel in 1957 to mark the inauguration of
a new building for the Department of Economics at the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, the eminent US economist Simon Kuznets
stated that "developed small states seem to have succeeded in
spreading the fruits of economic growth more widely among their
populations than the larger states at comparable levels of income
per capita."
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