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Philosophical and ethical discussions of warfare are often tied to
emerging technologies and techniques. Today we are presented with
what many believe is a radical shift in the nature of war-the
realization of conflict in the cyber-realm, the so-called "fifth
domain " of warfare. Does an aggressive act in the cyber-realm
constitute an act of war? If so, what rules should govern such
warfare? Are the standard theories of just war capable of analyzing
and assessing this mode of conflict? These changing circumstances
present us with a series of questions demanding serious attention.
Is there such a thing as cyberwarfare? How do the existing rules of
engagement and theories from the just war tradition apply to
cyberwarfare? How should we assess a cyber-attack conducted by a
state agency against private enterprise and vice versa?
Furthermore, how should actors behave in the cyber-realm? Are there
ethical norms that can be applied to the cyber-realm? Are the
classic just war constraints of non-combatant immunity and
proportionality possible in this realm? Especially given the idea
that events that are constrained within the cyber-realm do not
directly physically harm anyone, what do traditional ethics of war
conventions say about this new space? These questions strike at the
very center of contemporary intellectual discussion over the ethics
of war. In twelve original essays, plus a foreword from John
Arquilla and an introduction, Binary Bullets: The Ethics of
Cyberwarfare, engages these questions head on with contributions
from the top scholars working in this field today.
The increased military employment of remotely operated aerial
vehicles, also known as drones, has raised a wide variety of
important ethical questions, concerns, and challenges. Many of
these have not yet received the serious scholarly examination such
worries rightly demand. This volume attempts to fill that gap
through sustained analysis of a wide range of specific moral issues
that arise from this new form of killing by remote control. Many,
for example, are troubled by the impact that killing through the
mediated mechanisms of a drone half a world away has on the pilots
who fly them. What happens to concepts such as bravery and courage
when a war-fighter controlling a drone is never exposed to any
physical danger? This dramatic shift in risk also creates
conditions of extreme asymmetry between those who wage war and
those they fight. What are the moral implications of such asymmetry
on the military that employs such drones and the broader questions
for war and a hope for peace in the world going forward? How does
this technology impact the likely successes of counter-insurgency
operations or humanitarian interventions? Does not such weaponry
run the risk of making war too easy to wage and tempt policy makers
into killing when other more difficult means should be undertaken?
Killing By Remote Control directly engages all of these issues.
Some essays discuss the just war tradition and explore whether the
rise of drones necessitates a shift in the ways we think about the
ethics of war in the broadest sense. Others scrutinize more
specific uses of drones, such as their present use in what are
known as "targeted killing" by the United States. The book
similarly tackles the looming prospect of autonomous drones and the
many serious moral misgivings such a future portends. "A
path-breaking volume! BJ Strawser, an internationally known analyst
of drone ethics, has assembled a broad spectrum of civilian and
military experts to create the first book devoted to this
hot-button issue. This important work represents vanguard thinking
on weapon systems that make headlines nearly every day. It will
catalyze debates policy-makers and military leaders must have in
order to preserve peace and protect the innocent. - James Cook,
Department Chair/Head of Philosophy, US Air Force Academy "The use
of 'drones' (remotely piloted air vehicles) in war has grown
exponentially in recent years. Clearly, this evolution presages an
enormous explosion of robotic vehicles in war - in the air, on the
ground, and on and under the sea. This collection of essays
provides an invaluable contribution to what promises to be one of
the most fundamental challenges to our assumptions about ethics and
warfare in at least the last century. The authors in this anthology
approach the ethical challenges posed by these rapidly advancing
technologies from a wide range of perspectives. Cumulatively, they
represent an essential overview of the fundamental ethical issues
involved in their development. This collection makes a key
contribution to an urgently needed dialogue about the moral
questions involved." - Martin L. Cook, Adm. James B. Stockdale
Professor of Professional Military Ethics, Professor Leadership
& Ethics, College of Operational & Strategic Leadership,
U.S. Naval War College
War remains a grim fixture of the human landscape, and because of
its tremendous and ongoing impact on the lives of millions of
people, has always attracted the attention of careful, rigorous,
and empathetic moral philosophers. And while war is synonymous with
death and ruin, very few people are willing to surrender to moral
nihilism about war-the view that all really is fair. At the center
of debates about war remains the most important question that faces
us during battle: whom are we allowed to kill? This volume collects
in one place the most influential and groundbreaking philosophical
work being done on the question of killing in war, offering a
"who's who" of contemporary scholars debating the foundational
ethical questions surrounding liability to harm. In ten essays, it
expands upon and provides new and updated analyses that have yet to
be captured in a single work. Essays explore questions such as: Are
some soldiers more deserving of death than others? Should states
allow soldiers to conscientiously object (to opt out of war) on a
case-by-case basis? Can a theory of rights best explain when it is
permissible to kill in war? When are we allowed to violently resist
oppression that is itself nonviolent? Is there anything wrong with
targeting people with autonomous weapons? As a convenient and
authoritative collection of such discussions, this volume is
uniquely suited for university-level teaching and as a reference
for ethicists, policymakers, stakeholders, and any student of the
morality of killing in war.
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