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This book poses the question of whether identifiable
individual-level attributes (e.g., values, interests, knowledge,
demographic characteristics) lead to support for or opposition to
the development and implementation of alternative energy
technologies. In recent years, attempts to site alternative energy
technologies (e.g., wind, solar, wave) have been met by intense
opposition from a variety of sources, including many
environmentalists from whom one might expect support for non-carbon
based renewable energy initiatives. This volume argues that there
are indeed such discernible attributes, and moreover that the
identification and exploration are important for the development of
support strategies for the well-informed and achievable siting of
such technologies.
This book poses the question of whether identifiable
individual-level attributes (e.g., values, interests, knowledge,
demographic characteristics) lead to support for or opposition to
the development and implementation of alternative energy
technologies. In recent years, attempts to site alternative energy
technologies (e.g., wind, solar, wave) have been met by intense
opposition from a variety of sources, including many
environmentalists from whom one might expect support for non-carbon
based renewable energy initiatives. This volume argues that there
are indeed such discernible attributes, and moreover that the
identification and exploration are important for the development of
support strategies for the well-informed and achievable siting of
such technologies.
Recent partisan squabbles over science in the news are indicative
of a larger tendency for scientific research and practice to get
entangled in major ideological divisions in the public arena. This
politicization of science is deepened by the key role government
funding plays in scientific research and development, the market
leading position of U.S.-based science and technology firms, and
controversial U.S. exports (such as genetically modified foods or
hormone-injected livestock). This groundbreaking, one-volume,
A-to-Z reference features 120-150 entries that explore the nexus of
politics and science, both in the United States and in U.S.
interactions with other nations. The essays, each by experts in
their fields, examine: Health, environmental, and social/cultural
issues relating to science and politics Concerns relating to
government regulation and its impact on the practice of science Key
historical and contemporary events that have shaped our
contemporary view of how science and politics intersect Science and
Politics: An A to Z Guide to Issues and Controversies is a
must-have resource for researchers and students who seek to deepen
their understanding of the connection between science and politics.
This book reveals how embedded beliefs more so than a lack of
scientific knowledge and understanding are creating a cognitive
bias toward information that coincides with personal beliefs rather
than scientific consensus—and that this anti-science bias exists
among liberals as well as conservatives. In 2010, an outbreak of
whooping cough in California infected more than 8,000 people,
resulting in the hospitalization of more than 800 people and the
death of 10 infants. In 2015, an outbreak of the measles in
Disneyland infected more than 125 people. Both the whooping cough
and the measles are vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) that have
been largely nonexistent in the United States for decades. As these
cases demonstrate, individuals who prioritize ideology or personal
beliefs above scientific consensus can impinge on society at
large—and they illustrate how rejecting science has unfortunate
results for public health and for the environment. When Ideology
Trumps Science examines how proponents of scientific findings and
the scientists responsible for conducting and communicating the
applicable research to decision makers are encountering direct
challenges to scientific consensus. Using examples from high-stakes
policy debates centered on hot-button controversies such as climate
change, GMO foods, immunization, stem cell research,
abstinence-only education, and birth control, authors Wolters and
Steel document how the contested nature of contemporary
perspectives on science leads to the possibility that policymakers
will not take science into account when making decisions that
affect the general population. In addition, the book identifies
ways in which liberals and conservatives have both contested issues
of science when consensus diverges from their ideological positions
and values. It is a compelling must-read for public policy students
and practitioners.
The political culture of Oregon has long had a reputation for
innovative policy, maverick politicians, and independent political
thought, but instead of using the term "progressive" to describe
the state's political leanings, the editors of Oregon Politics and
Government believe a more accurate descriptor would be
"schizophrenic." Oregon Politics and Government provides not only
an overview of the state's politics and government; it also
explains how the divide between progressives and conservative
populists defines Oregon politics today. Early in the state's
history, reformers championed many causes: the initiative and
referendum process for setting public policy, the recall of public
officials, the direct election of U.S. senators, and women's
suffrage. Since then, the state has asserted control over beaches,
imposed strict land-use laws, created an innovative regional
government, introduced voting through the mail, allowed for
physician-assisted suicide, and experimented with universal
healthcare. Despite this list of accomplishments, however, Oregon
is divided between two competing visions: one that is tied to
progressive politics and another that is committed to conservative
populism. While the progressive side supports a strong and active
government, the conservative populist side seeks a smaller
government, lower taxes, fewer restrictions on private property,
and protection for traditional social values. The struggle between
these two forces drives Oregon politics and policies today. Richard
A. Clucas is an associate professor of political science at
Portland State University. He is the editor of Readings and Cases
in State and Local Politics and the general editor of About U.S.
State Government: An Encyclopedia of the Executive, Legislative,
and Judicial Branches. Mark Henkels is a professor of political
science and administration at Western Oregon University. Brent S.
Steel is the director for the Master of Public Policy Program at
Oregon State University. He is a coeditor of Political Culture and
Policy in Canada and the United States: Only a Border Apart? and
the author of Environmental Politics and Policy.
The use of public lands in the western United States has become the
focus of international, national, and regional debate. Public
concern for wildlife, fish, wilderness, recreation, and other
values associated with these lands has increased substantially
since the 1960s. And that concern has clashed with the more
user/extraction orientation of traditional interests. The
priorities for management of these lands have become the subject of
increasing controversy and litigation, particularly with regard to
U.S. federal forests and rangelands. At the heart of this debate
are differing philosophical and normative views about the natural
environment and human relationship to that environment. This volume
provides an analysis of public values and philosophical views about
the environment from an interdisciplinary perspective and will be
of interest to scholars and policymakers in public policy,
business-government relations, and environmentalism.
This intriguing book investigates the technical information
quandary created by post-industrial changes, which have produced
demands for citizen involvement in public policy processes while
complex scientific and technical issues increasingly make public
involvement difficult. Authors Pierce, Steger, Steel, and Lovrich
address the degree to which interest groups might serve to bridge
the knowledge gap between public policy processes and the citizenry
in U.S. and Canadian settings. The focus of the study is on acid
rain policy in Michigan and Ontario, an area of considerable
scientific and technical complexity as well as political and public
interest. The authors examine how the U.S. and Canadian publics
acquire, process, and communicate policy-relevant information so
that it can influence policymaking. Do interest groups play the
information dissemination role in a manner that could address the
technical information quandary? Are interest groups playing the
same or different roles in the United States and Canada? What
different factors cause U.S. and Canadian interest groups to behave
as they do in the political arena? Recommended for scholars of
Political Science, Communication, Environmental Studies, and
Comparative Public Policy.
The management of public lands in the West is a matter of
long-standing and oft-contentious debates. The government must
balance the interests of a variety of stakeholders, including
extractive industries like oil and timber; farmers, ranchers, and
fishers; Native Americans; tourists; and environmentalists. Local,
state, and government policies and approaches change according to
the vagaries of scientific knowledge, the American and global
economies, and political administrations. Occasionally, debates
over public land usage erupt into major incidents, as with the
armed occupation of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in 2016. While
a number of scholars work on the politics and policy of public land
management, there has been no central book on the topic since the
publication of Charles Davis's Western Public Lands and
Environmental Politics (Westview, 2001). In The Environmental
Politics and Policy of Western Public Lands, Erika Allen Wolters
and Brent Steel have assembled a stellar cast of scholars to
consider long-standing issues and topics such as endangered
species, land use, and water management while addressing more
recent challenges to western public lands like renewable energy
siting, fracking, Native American sovereignty, and land use
rebellions. Chapters also address the impact of climate change on
policy dimensions and scope.
A "wicked problem" isn't one with an evil nature, but a problem
that is impossible or difficult to solve because of incomplete,
contradictory, and changing requirements that are often hard to
recognize. Classic examples of wicked problems include economic,
environmental, and political issues. We now live in a world full of
wicked problems, most of them urgent challenges calling out for
creative, democratic, and effective solutions. Ed Weber, Denise
Lach, and Brent Steel, of the Oregon State University School of
Public Policy, solicited papers from a wide variety of accomplished
scholars in the fields of science, politics, and policy to address
this challenge. The resultant collection focuses on major
contemporary environmental and natural resource policy issues, and
proposes an assortment of alternative problem-solving methodologies
to tackle such problems.
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