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This report presents an account of the course "Nonlinear
Spectroscopy of Solids: Advances and Applications" held in Erice,
Italy, from June 16 to 30, 1993. This meeting was organized by the
International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy of the
"Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The purpose of
this course was to present and discuss physical models,
mathematical formalisms, experimental techniques, and applications
relevant to the subject of nonlinear spectroscopy of solid state
materials. The universal availability and application of lasers in
spectroscopy has led to the widespread observation of nonlinear
effects in the spectroscopy of materials. Nonlinear spectroscopy
encompasses many physical phenomena which have their origin in the
monochromaticity, spectral brightness, coherence, power density and
tunability of laser sources. Conventional spectroscopy assumes a
linear dependence between the applied electromagnetic field and the
induced polarization of atoms and molecules. The validity of this
assumption rests on the fact that even the most powerful
conventional sources of light produce a light intensity which is
not strong enough to equalize the rate of stimulated emission and
that of the experimentally observed decay. A different situation
may arise when laser light sources are used, particularly pulsed
lasers. The use of such light sources can make the probability of
induced emission comparable to, or even greater than, the
probability of the observed decay; in such cases the nonlinearity
of the response of the system is revealed by the experimental data
and new properties, not detectable by conventional spectroscopy,
will emerge.
This report presents an account of the course "Nonlinear
Spectroscopy of Solids: Advances and Applications" held in Erice,
Italy, from June 16 to 30, 1993. This meeting was organized by the
International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy of the
"Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The purpose of
this course was to present and discuss physical models,
mathematical formalisms, experimental techniques, and applications
relevant to the subject of nonlinear spectroscopy of solid state
materials. The universal availability and application of lasers in
spectroscopy has led to the widespread observation of nonlinear
effects in the spectroscopy of materials. Nonlinear spectroscopy
encompasses many physical phenomena which have their origin in the
monochromaticity, spectral brightness, coherence, power density and
tunability of laser sources. Conventional spectroscopy assumes a
linear dependence between the applied electromagnetic field and the
induced polarization of atoms and molecules. The validity of this
assumption rests on the fact that even the most powerful
conventional sources of light produce a light intensity which is
not strong enough to equalize the rate of stimulated emission and
that of the experimentally observed decay. A different situation
may arise when laser light sources are used, particularly pulsed
lasers. The use of such light sources can make the probability of
induced emission comparable to, or even greater than, the
probability of the observed decay; in such cases the nonlinearity
of the response of the system is revealed by the experimental data
and new properties, not detectable by conventional spectroscopy,
will emerge.
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