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Antisemitism in the German Military Community and the Jewish
Response, 1914-1938 explores how German World War I veterans from
different social and political backgrounds contributed to
antisemitic politics during the Weimar Republic. The book compares
how the military, right-wing veterans, and Jewish veterans chose to
remember their war experiences and translate these memories into a
political reality in the postwar world. Antisemitism addresses
several neglected issues. First, there is relatively little
scholarship discussing antisemitism in the imperial German army and
the impact former imperial officers had on the antisemitic
predilections of veteran associations. This subject deserves
attention given that veteran politics during the Weimar Republic
were of tremendous significance to the collapse of democracy and
the rise of National Socialism, and that the primary architects of
the Third Reich and the "Final Solution" were either World War I
veterans or had been members of paramilitary organizations in the
interwar period. The second issue addressed is how veterans
influenced the definition of "Aryan" identity, or how race came to
be perceived through the prism of war and political violence. Since
German Jews had to fight both accusations of shirking military
service and the perception of the "Jew" as effeminate, the manner
in which these veterans tried to reforge Jewish identity and their
relationship with their former comrades is an extraordinarily
important issue. The third issue concerns situational antisemitism,
or the process by which an organization expressed an opinion or
policy concerning Jews in response to internal dissension and
external influences.
Antisemitism in the German Military Community and the Jewish
Response, 1914-1938 explores how German World War I veterans from
different social and political backgrounds contributed to
antisemitic politics during the Weimar Republic. The book compares
how the military, right-wing veterans, and Jewish veterans chose to
remember their war experiences and translate these memories into a
political reality in the postwar world. Antisemitism addresses
several neglected issues. First, there is relatively little
scholarship discussing antisemitism in the imperial German army and
the impact former imperial officers had on the antisemitic
predilections of veteran associations. This subject deserves
attention given that veteran politics during the Weimar Republic
were of tremendous significance to the collapse of democracy and
the rise of National Socialism, and that the primary architects of
the Third Reich and the "Final Solution" were either World War I
veterans or had been members of paramilitary organizations in the
interwar period. The second issue addressed is how veterans
influenced the definition of "Aryan" identity, or how race came to
be perceived through the prism of war and political violence. Since
German Jews had to fight both accusations of shirking military
service and the perception of the "Jew" as effeminate, the manner
in which these veterans tried to reforge Jewish identity and their
relationship with their former comrades is an extraordinarily
important issue. The third issue concerns situational antisemitism,
or the process by which an organization expressed an opinion or
policy concerning Jews in response to internal dissension and
external influences.
Global estimates of human trafficking range from 600,000 to four
million victims each year with the majority being victims of sex
trafficking. This strikingly large range belies the difficulty in
gathering, defining, and accountability of sex-trafficking data.
Victims of sex trafficking may be forced into pornography,
prostitution for the military or militia, spousal prostitution, and
prostitution for the sex-tourism industry. In response to the
problem of sex trafficking, many nations have either misunderstood
the definition or failed to comprehend the magnitude that have
occurs within their borders. The United Nations has defined 'human
trafficking' as 'the recruitment, transfer, harboring or receipt of
persons by threat or use of force.' Similarly, the U.S. State
Department's Trafficking Victims Protection Act 2000 describes
severe forms of trafficking as: (a) sex trafficking in which a
commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in
which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18
years of age; or (b) the recruitment, harboring, transportation,
provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through
the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection
to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. In Sex
Trafficking: A Global Perspective, sex trafficking is discussed in
terms of its multiple purposes and its victims. The essays provide
information to build upon the limited knowledge-base on the subject
of sex trafficking and the legislative responses to human
trafficking by the various highlighted countries. This collection
is unique because it serves the needs of those studying human
trafficking from a global perspective by targeting the issue within
every geographic region, it provides a general profile of
geographic regions in terms of demographic characteristics and
political conditions that may support the growth of sex
trafficking, and it is written on a basic information-supply-level
to provide readers with a foundation on human trafficking
throughout the world.
Global estimates of human trafficking range from 600,000 to four
million victims each year with the majority being victims of sex
trafficking. This strikingly large range belies the difficulty in
gathering, defining, and accountability of sex-trafficking data.
Victims of sex trafficking may be forced into pornography,
prostitution for the military or militia, spousal prostitution, and
prostitution for the sex-tourism industry. In response to the
problem of sex trafficking, many nations have either misunderstood
the definition or failed to comprehend the magnitude that have
occurs within their borders. The United Nations has defined "human
trafficking" as "the recruitment, transfer, harboring or receipt of
persons by threat or use of force." Similarly, the U.S. State
Department's Trafficking Victims Protection Act 2000 describes
severe forms of trafficking as: (a) sex trafficking in which a
commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in
which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18
years of age; or (b) the recruitment, harboring, transportation,
provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through
the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection
to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. In Sex
Trafficking: A Global Perspective, sex trafficking is discussed in
terms of its multiple purposes and its victims. The essays provide
information to build upon the limited knowledge-base on the subject
of sex trafficking and the legislative responses to human
trafficking by the various highlighted countries. This collection
is unique because it serves the needs of those studying human
trafficking from a global perspective by targeting the issue within
every geographic region, it provides a general profile of
geographic regions in terms of demographic characteristics and
political conditions that may support the growth of sex
trafficking, and it is written on a basic information-supply-level
to provide readers with a fo
A gripping history of one of the United States' most controversial
Cold War intelligence operations. Project Paperclip brought
hundreds of German scientists and engineers, including aerospace
engineer Wernher von Braun, to the United States in the first
decade after World War II. More than the freighters full of
equipment or the documents recovered from caves and hastily
abandoned warehouses, the German brains who designed and built the
V-2 rocket and other "wonder weapons" for the Third Reich proved
invaluable to America's emerging military-industrial complex.
Whether they remained under military employment, transitioned to
civilian agencies like NASA, or sought more lucrative careers with
corporations flush with government contracts, German specialists
recruited into the Paperclip program assumed enormously influential
positions within the labyrinthine national security state. Drawing
on recently declassified documents from intelligence agencies, the
Department of Defense, the FBI, and the State Department, Brian E.
Crim's Our Germans examines the process of integrating German
scientists into a national security state dominated by the armed
services and defense industries. Crim explains how the Joint
Intelligence Objectives Agency enticed targeted scientists,
whitewashed the records of Nazis and war criminals, and deceived
government agencies about the content of security investigations.
Exploring the vicious bureaucratic rivalries that erupted over the
wisdom, efficacy, and morality of pursuing Paperclip, Our Germans
reveals how some Paperclip proponents and scientists influenced the
perception of the rival Soviet threat by volunteering inflated
estimates of Russian intentions and technical capabilities. As it
describes the project's embattled legacy, Our Germans reflects on
the myriad ways that Paperclip has been remembered in culture and
national memory. As this engaging book demonstrates, whether
characterized as an expedient Cold War program born from military
necessity or a dishonorable episode, the project ultimately
reflects American ambivalence about the military-industrial complex
and the viability of an "ends justifies the means" solution to
external threats.
A gripping history of one of the United States' most controversial
Cold War intelligence operations. Project Paperclip brought
hundreds of German scientists and engineers, including aerospace
engineer Wernher von Braun, to the United States in the first
decade after World War II. More than the freighters full of
equipment or the documents recovered from caves and hastily
abandoned warehouses, the German brains who designed and built the
V-2 rocket and other "wonder weapons" for the Third Reich proved
invaluable to America's emerging military-industrial complex.
Whether they remained under military employment, transitioned to
civilian agencies like NASA, or sought more lucrative careers with
corporations flush with government contracts, German specialists
recruited into the Paperclip program assumed enormously influential
positions within the labyrinthine national security state. Drawing
on recently declassified documents from intelligence agencies, the
Department of Defense, the FBI, and the State Department, Brian E.
Crim's Our Germans examines the process of integrating German
scientists into a national security state dominated by the armed
services and defense industries. Crim explains how the Joint
Intelligence Objectives Agency enticed targeted scientists,
whitewashed the records of Nazis and war criminals, and deceived
government agencies about the content of security investigations.
Exploring the vicious bureaucratic rivalries that erupted over the
wisdom, efficacy, and morality of pursuing Paperclip, Our Germans
reveals how some Paperclip proponents and scientists influenced the
perception of the rival Soviet threat by volunteering inflated
estimates of Russian intentions and technical capabilities. As it
describes the project's embattled legacy, Our Germans reflects on
the myriad ways that Paperclip has been remembered in culture and
national memory. As this engaging book demonstrates, whether
characterized as an expedient Cold War program born from military
necessity or a dishonorable episode, the project ultimately
reflects American ambivalence about the military-industrial complex
and the viability of an "ends justifies the means" solution to
external threats.
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