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This is a unique and engaging book on prehistoric stone tools. It
advocates an experiential approach in which analysts try to
understand stone tool designs from the users' perspectives, and
employs a universal logic of designing tools to solve practical
problems and evaluate possible solutions. However, to do so it is
also necessary to understand how stone can be mechanically modified
to serve specific functions. The author enlists a rich array of
ethnographic observations and his considerable background as a
flintknapper to show the basic ways in which stones can be flaked
and modified and what these characteristics can reveal about
prehistoric problem-solving strategies and design constraints. This
is an invaluable primer for anyone contemplating the study of
prehistoric stone tools.
In 111 Places in Buffalo That You Must Not Miss, author Brian
Hayden discovers the lesser-known stories, off-the-beaten path
locales, and hidden gems that make Buffalo and nearby Niagara Falls
extraordinary. Journey through the region and explore century-old
ethnic clubs, neighbourhood taverns with incredible wings, a hiking
trail in the shadow of a collapsed power plant, possible buried
treasure in the Niagara River and the small town that invented the
kazoo. Find out why Irish Civil War Veterans launched an invasion
on Canada from Buffalo, how the manuscript of a Mark Twain
masterpiece ended up in a downtown library, and where you can see a
“stunter’s row” of daredevils buried together in a Niagara
Falls Cemetery. Shop for unique finds in the city’s last “junk
shop,” browse for produce grown by recently resettled refugees at
an urban farm, and play Buffalo Gay Bingo in an Amvets Hall.
Discover the places and people who have called this region home for
centuries – and the new arrivals from around the world who have
infused New York’s second largest city with new life. Experience
the Buffalo and Niagara Falls that only locals know about – and
come away with a renewed appreciation for this historic and
inspiring region.
The Power of Ritual in Prehistory is the first book in nearly a
century to deal with traditional secret societies from a
comparative perspective and the first from an archaeological
viewpoint. Providing a clear definition, as well as the material
signatures, of ethnographic secret societies, Brian Hayden
demonstrates how they worked, what motivated their organizers, and
what tactics they used to obtain what they wanted. He shows that
far from working for the welfare of their communities, traditional
secret societies emerged as predatory organizations operated for
the benefit of their own members. Moreover, and contrary to the
prevailing ideas that prehistoric rituals were used to integrate
communities, Hayden demonstrates how traditional secret societies
created divisiveness and inequalities. They were one of the key
tools for increasing political control leading to chiefdoms,
states, and world religions. Hayden's conclusions will be
eye-opening, not only for archaeologists, but also for
anthropologists, political scientists, and scholars of religion.
The Power of Ritual in Prehistory is the first book in nearly a
century to deal with traditional secret societies from a
comparative perspective and the first from an archaeological
viewpoint. Providing a clear definition, as well as the material
signatures, of ethnographic secret societies, Brian Hayden
demonstrates how they worked, what motivated their organizers, and
what tactics they used to obtain what they wanted. He shows that
far from working for the welfare of their communities, traditional
secret societies emerged as predatory organizations operated for
the benefit of their own members. Moreover, and contrary to the
prevailing ideas that prehistoric rituals were used to integrate
communities, Hayden demonstrates how traditional secret societies
created divisiveness and inequalities. They were one of the key
tools for increasing political control leading to chiefdoms,
states, and world religions. Hayden's conclusions will be
eye-opening, not only for archaeologists, but also for
anthropologists, political scientists, and scholars of religion.
In this book, Brian Hayden provides the first comprehensive,
theoretical work on the history of feasting in pre-industrial
societies. As an important barometer of cultural change, feasting
is at the forefront of theoretical developments in archaeology. The
Power of Feasts chronicles the evolution of the practice from its
first perceptible prehistoric presence to modern industrial times.
This study explores recurring patterns in the dynamics of feasts as
well as linkages to other aspects of culture such as food,
personhood, cognition, power, politics, and economics. Analyzing
detailed ethnographic and archaeological observations from a wide
variety of cultures, including Oceania and Southeast Asia, the
Americas, and Eurasia, Hayden illuminates the role of feasts as an
invaluable insight into the social and political structures of past
societies.
In this book, Brian Hayden provides the first comprehensive,
theoretical work on the history of feasting in pre-industrial
societies. As an important barometer of cultural change, feasting
is at the forefront of theoretical developments in archaeology. The
Power of Feasts chronicles the evolution of the practice from its
first perceptible prehistoric presence to modern industrial times.
This study explores recurring patterns in the dynamics of feasts as
well as linkages to other aspects of culture such as food,
personhood, cognition, power, politics, and economics. Analyzing
detailed ethnographic and archaeological observations from a wide
variety of cultures, including Oceania and Southeast Asia, the
Americas, and Eurasia, Hayden illuminates the role of feasts as an
invaluable insight into the social and political structures of past
societies.
Feasting has long played a crucial role in the social, political,
and economic dynamics of village life. It is far more than a
gustatory and social diversion from daily work routines: alliances
are brokered by feasts; debts are created and political battles
waged. Feasts create enormous pressure to increase the production
of food and prestige items in order to achieve the social and
political goals of their promoters. In fact, Brian Hayden argues,
the domestication of plants and animals likely resulted from such
feasting pressures. Feasting has been one of the most important
forces behind cultural change since the end of the Paleolithic era.
Feasting in Southeast Asia documents the dynamics of traditional
feasting and the ways in which a bewildering array of different
types of feasts benefits hosts. Hayden argues that people's ability
to marry, reproduce, defend themselves against threats and attacks,
and protect their interests in village politics all depend on their
ability to engage in feasting networks. To be excluded from such
networks means to be subject to attack by social predators, perhaps
even leading to enslavement. As an archaeologist, Hayden pays
specific attention to the materials involved in feasting and how
feasting might be identified and interpreted from archaeological
remains. His conclusions are based on his own ethnographic field
studies in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Indonesia, as well as a
comparative overview of the regional literature on feasting. Hayden
gives particular attention to the longhouses of Vietnam, an unusual
but important social unit that hosts feasts, in an attempt to
understand why they became established. This unique volume is the
culmination of fifteen years of fieldwork among tribal groups in
Southeast Asia. Until now no one has examined feasting as a general
phenomenon in Southeast Asia or tried to synthesize its underlying
dynamics from a theoretical perspective. The book will be of
interest to cultural anthropologists, archaeologists, historians,
and others involved in food studies.
Early hunter/gatherer societies have traditionally been considered
basically egalitarian in nature. This assumption, however, has been
challenged by contemporary archaeological and anthropological
research, which has demonstrated that many of these societies had
complex social, economic, and political structures. This volume
considers two British Columbia Native communities - the Lillooet
and Shuswap communities of Fountain and Pavilion - and traces their
development into complex societies. The authors explore the
relation between resource characteristics and hunter/gatherer
adaptations and examine the use of fish, animal, and plant species,
documenting their availability and the techniques used in their
gathering, processing, and storing. The book also shows how
cultural practices, such as raiding, potlatching, and stewardship
of resources, can be explained from a cultural ecological point of
view. An important contribution to the study of hunting and
gathering cultures in the Northwest, this book is the most detailed
examination of the subsistence base of a particular hunting and
gathering group to date. Its exploration of the reasons why complex
hunting and gathering societies emerge, as well as the ecological
relationships between cultures and resources, will make an
important contribution to the study of cultural ecology and
contemporary archaeology.
Feasting has long played a crucial role in the social, political,
and economic dynamics of village life. It is far more than a
gustatory and social diversion from daily work routines: alliances
are brokered by feasts; debts are created and political battles
waged. Feasts create enormous pressure to increase the production
of food and prestige items in order to achieve the social and
political goals of their promoters. In fact, Brian Hayden argues,
the domestication of plants and animals likely resulted from such
feasting pressures. Feasting has been one of the most important
forces behind cultural change since the end of the Paleolithic era.
Feasting in Southeast Asia documents the dynamics of traditional
feasting and the ways in which a bewildering array of different
types of feasts benefits hosts. Hayden argues that people's ability
to marry, reproduce, defend themselves against threats and attacks,
and protect their interests in village politics all depend on their
ability to engage in feasting networks. To be excluded from such
networks means to be subject to attack by social predators, perhaps
even leading to enslavement. As an archaeologist, Hayden pays
specific attention to the materials involved in feasting and how
feasting might be identified and interpreted from archaeological
remains. His conclusions are based on his own ethnographic field
studies in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Indonesia, as well as a
comparative overview of the regional literature on feasting. Hayden
gives particular attention to the longhouses of Vietnam, an unusual
but important social unit that hosts feasts, in an attempt to
understand why they became established. This unique volume is the
culmination of fifteen years of fieldwork among tribal groups in
Southeast Asia. Until now no one has examined feasting as a general
phenomenon in Southeast Asia or tried to synthesize its underlying
dynamics from a theoretical perspective. The book will be of
interest to cultural anthropologists, archaeologists, historians,
and others involved in food studies.
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