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Originally published in 1987 when Artificial Intelligence (AI) was
one of the most hotly debated subjects of the moment; there was
widespread feeling that it was a field whose 'time had come', that
intelligent machines lay 'just around the corner'. Moreover, with
the onset of the revolution in information technology and the
proclamation from all corners that we were moving into an
'information society', developments in AI and advanced computing
were seen in many countries as having both strategic and economic
importance. Yet, aside from the glare of publicity that tends to
surround new scientific ideas or technologies, it must be
remembered that AI was a relative newcomer among the sciences; that
it had often been the subject of bitter controversy; and that
though it had been promising to create intelligent machines for
some 40 years prior to publication, many believe that it had
actually displayed very little substantive progress. With this
background in mind, the aim of this collection of essays was to
take a novel look at AI. Rather than following the path of old
well-trodden arguments about definitions of intelligence or the
status of computer chess programs, the objective was to bring new
perspectives to the subject in order to present it in a different
light. Indeed, instead of simply adding to the endless wrangling
'for' and 'against' AI, the source of such divisions is made a
topic for analysis in its own right. Drawing on ideas from the
philosophy and sociology of scientific knowledge, this collection
therefore broke new ground. Moreover, although a great deal had
been written about the social and cultural impact of AI, little had
been said of the culture of AI scientists themselves - including
their discourse and style of thought, as well as the choices,
judgements, negotiations and competitive struggles for resources
that had shaped the genesis and development of the paradigmatic
structure of their discipline at the time. Yet, sociologists of
science have demonstrated that the analysis of factors such as
these is a necessary part of understanding the development of
scientific knowledge. Hence, it was hoped that this collection
would help to redress the imbalance and provide a broader and more
interesting picture of AI.
Originally published in 1987 when Artificial Intelligence (AI) was
one of the most hotly debated subjects of the moment; there was
widespread feeling that it was a field whose 'time had come', that
intelligent machines lay 'just around the corner'. Moreover, with
the onset of the revolution in information technology and the
proclamation from all corners that we were moving into an
'information society', developments in AI and advanced computing
were seen in many countries as having both strategic and economic
importance. Yet, aside from the glare of publicity that tends to
surround new scientific ideas or technologies, it must be
remembered that AI was a relative newcomer among the sciences; that
it had often been the subject of bitter controversy; and that
though it had been promising to create intelligent machines for
some 40 years prior to publication, many believe that it had
actually displayed very little substantive progress. With this
background in mind, the aim of this collection of essays was to
take a novel look at AI. Rather than following the path of old
well-trodden arguments about definitions of intelligence or the
status of computer chess programs, the objective was to bring new
perspectives to the subject in order to present it in a different
light. Indeed, instead of simply adding to the endless wrangling
'for' and 'against' AI, the source of such divisions is made a
topic for analysis in its own right. Drawing on ideas from the
philosophy and sociology of scientific knowledge, this collection
therefore broke new ground. Moreover, although a great deal had
been written about the social and cultural impact of AI, little had
been said of the culture of AI scientists themselves - including
their discourse and style of thought, as well as the choices,
judgements, negotiations and competitive struggles for resources
that had shaped the genesis and development of the paradigmatic
structure of their discipline at the time. Yet, sociologists of
science have demonstrated that the analysis of factors such as
these is a necessary part of understanding the development of
scientific knowledge. Hence, it was hoped that this collection
would help to redress the imbalance and provide a broader and more
interesting picture of AI.
This is a book about IT in organizations how it works, how it changes organization and the problems and challenges it creates. Based on detailed research in several sectors (financial services, hospitals etc.) the authors present an up to date analysis of current issues. The book is divided into three main sections: Strategies and Markets; Integrating Technology and Organization; and Networks.
This book is concerned with the ways in which organizations design,
build and use information technology systems. In particular it
looks at the interaction between these IT-centred activities and
the broader management processes within organizations. The authors
adopt a critical social science perspective on these issues, and
are primarily concerned with advancing theoretical debates on how
best to understand the related processes of technological and
organizational change. To this end, the book examines and deploys
recent work on power/knowledge, actor-network theory and critical
organization theory. The result is an account of the nature and
significance of information systems in organizations which is an
alternative perspective to pragmatic and recipe-based approaches to
this topic which dominate much contemporary management literature
on IT. This book is intended for academic: Management and social
science academics and postgraduate students of IT strategy and
organization. Practitioner: Senior managers concerned with IT and
strategy issues.
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