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The ability to diagnose cancer by simple measurement of a serum or
tissue' 'marker" has been a goal of medical science for many years.
There is ample evidence that tumor cells are different from normal
cells and pro duce substances that can be detected by currently
available immuno chemical or biochemical methods. These "cancer
markers" may be se creted proteins, enzymes, hormones, fetal serum
components, monoclonal immunoglobulins, cell surface components, or
cytoplasmic constituents. The purpose of this book is to present
the current status of our knowledge of such cancer markers. The
first tumor marker identified by laboratory means was Bence Jones
protein. In a series of lectures delivered to the Royal College of
Phy sicians in London in 1846, Dr. H. Bence Jones described studies
on a urine sample sent to him with the following note: "Dear Dr.
Jones-The tube contains urine of very high specific gravity. When
boiled it becomes slightly opaque . . . . etc. " Dr. Jones found
that heating of the urine after addition of nitric acid resulted in
formation of a heavy precipitate; acid ad dition may have been
required to bring the urine to pH 4-6 at which Bence Jones proteins
are more likely to precipitate when heated. This urinary pre
cipitate was associated with a bone disease termed "mollities
ossium. " H. Bence Jones, Papers on Chemical Pathology, Lecture
III. Lancet 2, 269-274 (1847)]."
The ability to diagnose cancer by simple measurement of a serum or
tissue' 'marker" has been a goal of medical science for many years.
There is ample evidence that tumor cells are different from normal
cells and pro duce substances that can be detected by currently
available immuno chemical or biochemical methods. These "cancer
markers" may be se creted proteins, enzymes, hormones, fetal serum
components, monoclonal immunoglobulins, cell surface components, or
cytoplasmic constituents. The purpose of this book is to present
the current status of our knowledge of such cancer markers. The
first tumor marker identified by laboratory means was Bence Jones
protein. In a series of lectures delivered to the Royal College of
Phy sicians in London in 1846, Dr. H. Bence Jones described studies
on a urine sample sent to him with the following note: "Dear Dr.
Jones-The tube contains urine of very high specific gravity. When
boiled it becomes slightly opaque . . . . etc. " Dr. Jones found
that heating of the urine after addition of nitric acid resulted in
formation of a heavy precipitate; acid ad dition may have been
required to bring the urine to pH 4-6 at which Bence Jones proteins
are more likely to precipitate when heated. This urinary pre
cipitate was associated with a bone disease termed "mollities
ossium. " H. Bence Jones, Papers on Chemical Pathology, Lecture
III. Lancet 2, 269-274 (1847)]."
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