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As inheritors of Platonic traditions, many Jews and Christians
today do not believe that God has a body. God is instead invisible
and incorporeal, and even though Christians believe that God can be
seen in Jesus, God otherwise remains veiled from human sight. In
this ground-breaking work, Brittany E. Wilson challenges this
prevalent view by arguing that early Jews and Christians often
envisioned God as having a visible form. Within the New Testament,
Luke-Acts in particular emerges as an important example of a text
that portrays God in visually tangible ways. According to Luke, God
is a perceptible, concrete being who can take on a variety of
different forms, as well as a being who is intimately intertwined
with human fleshliness in the form of Jesus. In this way, the God
of Israel does not adhere to the incorporeal deity of Platonic
philosophy, especially as read through post-Enlightenment eyes.
Given the corporeal connections between God and Jesus, Luke's
depiction of Jesus's body also points ahead to future controversies
concerning his divinity and humanity in the early church. Indeed,
questions concerning God's body are inextricably linked with
Christology and shed light on how we are to understand Jesus's own
visible embodiment in relation to God. In The Embodied God, Wilson
reframes approaches to early Christology within New Testament
scholarship and calls for a new way of thinking about divine-and
human-bodies and embodied experience.
New Testament scholars typically assume that the men who pervade
the pages of Luke's two volumes are models of an implied
"manliness." Scholars rarely question how Lukan men measure up to
ancient masculine mores, even though masculinity is increasingly
becoming a topic of inquiry in the field of New Testament and its
related disciplines. Drawing especially from gender-critical work
in classics, Brittany Wilson addresses this lacuna by examining key
male characters in Luke-Acts in relation to constructions of
masculinity in the Greco-Roman world. Of all Luke's male
characters, Wilson maintains that four in particular problematize
elite masculine norms: namely, Zechariah (the father of John the
Baptist), the Ethiopian eunuch, Paul, and, above all, Jesus. She
further explains that these men do not protect their bodily
boundaries nor do they embody corporeal control, two interrelated
male gender norms. Indeed, Zechariah loses his ability to speak,
the Ethiopian eunuch is castrated, Paul loses his ability to see,
and Jesus is put to death on the cross. With these bodily
"violations," Wilson argues, Luke points to the all-powerful nature
of God and in the process reconfigures-or refigures-men's own
claims to power. Luke, however, not only refigures the so-called
prerogative of male power, but he refigures the parameters of power
itself. According to Luke, God provides an alternative construal of
power in the figure of Jesus and thus redefines what it means to be
masculine. Thus, for Luke, "real" men look manifestly unmanly.
Wilson's findings in Unmanly Men will shatter long-held assumptions
in scholarly circles and beyond about gendered interpretations of
the New Testament, and how they can be used to understand the roles
of the Bible's key characters.
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