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This book lists the English and [¬Hessian[¬ regiments which served
in the colonies during the American Revolutionary War and the names
of their officers. It also includes a list of all English ships in
the Navy.
In the closing days of 1776, the future looked gloomy for the
American colonists; their Revolution was in dire straits. The
remnants of the American army in Pennsylvania, led by General
George Washington, were fading away. Across the Delaware River, the
English forces had gone into winter quarters and were awaiting the
start of a final campaign in the spring of the coming year, when
they would crush any remaining American force. A brigade of Hessian
hirelings was stationed at the most exposed English outpost at
Trenton; their commander was Hessian colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall,
hero of White Plains and Fort Washington. On 26 December, however,
the course of history took a sharp and sudden change when the two
commanders, Washington and Rall, clashed. Washington's army of
6,000 men crossed the Delaware River in a blinding winter storm and
attacked Rall's brigade. In the fighting which followed, the
Americans had only a handful of casualties, while Hessian
casualties amounted to about 900. The Hessian soldiers kept
numerous diaries in which they recorded their impressions of
America and Americans, as well as their daily military activity.
Here, Mr. Burgoyne has translated some of these documents to
provide descriptions and opinions of the senior commanders at
Trenton. These pages are packed with fascinating description and
insight concerning these two men. Researchers and history buffs
alike will love this chance to "get to know" the men behind the
history. You'll find that neither Washington nor Rall was quite
what we were taught in school. Mr. Burgoyne is a recipient of the
Benjamin Franklin Lifetime Achievement Award from the American
Revolution Roundtable of Philadelphia.
This author enjoys a unique and pre-eminent position in the study
of Hessian records of the American Revolution, having translated
literally thousands of pages of the journals and writings of Dohla,
Prechtel, Waldeck, Pausch, Von Feilitsch, Bartholomai, Piel,
Wiederhold, Rueffer, "J.R." Steuernagel, and many other Hessian
soldiers. To this impressive list he now adds the writings of
Lieutenant Friedrich Julius Von Papet, a young Brunswick officer
whose journal spans the period from May of 1776 to October of 1783.
"One of the most significant and important effects of the English
employment of Hessians during the American Revolutionary War was
the retention of English control of Canada. General John Burgoyne
had taken most of the British] military strength from Canada for
his command when he marched against the American colonists in 1777.
However, even after France entered the war on the American side],
the residents of that former French colony were not strong enough
to openly resist the military control exercised by a small English
and Hessian command. As a result, England retained Canada under the
terms of the Treaty of Paris in 1783." Troops from Hesse-Cassel,
Waldeck and Ansbach-Bayreuth were sent to Howe's command, as well
as some troops from Hesse-Hanau and Anhalt-Zerbst, while troops
from Hesse-Hanau, Brunswick and Anhalt-Zerbst provided the forces
sent to Canada, together with some troops from Hesse-Cassel which
were sent from New York to Canada later in the war. The Brunswick
troops, numbering 4,300 men, sailed for America in two divisions,
one departing in late March 1776, and the other, including Von
Papet, departing on 31 May 1776, two weeks after the start of this
journal. Von Papet was one of the Hessians (only 600+ officers and
non-commissioned officers) who remained behind in Canada when John
Burgoyne began his march against the American colonists in 1777.
Though only twenty-one years old, Von Papet was assigned the
important position of brigade major. Because he kept a diary
throughout his English service (all the way up to his return march
to Brunswick), we have a picture of the military, social and
cultural life in Canada at that time. As a very young man in a very
demanding position, Von Papet records the inner reactions among his
superiors with a noteworthy caution and understanding not to let
his position cause him harm. As there is a scarcity of information
concerning military affairs in Canada during the American
Revolution, Von Papet's journal provides much-needed insight into
why Canada never became a very large fourteenth American colony.
The ultimate outcome of the American Revolutionary War was
foreordained when England turned to the European continent to
obtain soldiers. Rulers of six small German states (Hesse-Cassel,
Hesse-Hanau, Brunswick, Waldeck, Ansbach-Bayreuth and
Anhalt-Zerbst) signed treaties with England whereby troop units
were placed in English service. These Hessians represented
one-third of all combatants serving the Crown during the American
Revolutionary War. They were good soldiers; however, they may have
been one of the primary reasons that England lost her American
colonies. They came as enemies, but many became compatriots and
fellow-fighters for freedom and the independence of the United
States. This detailed account of the Hessian's contribution to this
nation's growth includes the Waldeck Articles of War, 1775 (both
the German and English versions); and examines the role of women
with the Hessian units. Seven color plates and a bibliography
enhance the text. The author has researched the role of the
Hessians in the American Revolutionary War for more than fifty
years; published thirty books, primarily based on his translations
of Hessian documents; and lectured on Hessians. He is a recipient
of the Benjamin Franklin Lifetime Achievement Award from the
American Revolution Roundtable of Philadelphia and the Gold Good
Citizen Medal from the National Society of the Sons of the American
Revolution.
This book comprises two accounts of the Mirbach Regiment and its
involvement in the Revolutionary War. Firstly, there is the
regimental journal, kept by quartermaster August Schmidt, which
spans the period from the unit's departure from regimental
headquarters in Melsungen on March 1, 1776 to its return home May
30th 1784 at the close of the war. Secondly there is the journal
kept by Ensign (later Lieutenant) Karl Reuffer. Although it covers
a shorter time span (March 1, 1776 to December 28, 1777), it goes
into much greater detail, and occupies three quarters of the book.
Thus we are able to compare two accounts of the same events. As an
appendix to his journal, Rueffer included a list of all
Hesse-Cassel officer deaths up to the end of 1777, giving the
officer's unit, place, time and cause of death.
This volume contains translations of two versions of the
Revolutionary War diary of Johann Ernst Prechtel: the first from
the "original" document, and the second from an author-revised
later version. Both are included here "to provide an easily
comparable
A largely unexploited source of information on life in colonial
America is to be found in the diaries of those German soldiers who
came to America as the so-called Hessians during the American
Revolutionary War. Of all the diaries, that of Philipp Waldec
When England was faced with the necessity of trying to suppress the
revolt in the American Colonies in 1775, there were not enough men
in the kingdom to fulfill all the English military commitments.
Therefore, England turned to the continent of Europe and
This book comprises two accounts of the Mirbach Regiment and its
involvement in the Revolutionary War. Firstly, there is the
regimental journal, kept by quartermaster August Schmidt, which
spans the period from the unit's departure from regimental headqua
Having collected considerable information on the 3rd
English-Waldeck Regiment and having translated the diary of the
regimental chaplain, Philip Waldeck; the memoir of a quartermaster
sergeant, Karl Philipp Steuernagel; and an autograph book of the
unit's
Six German states furnished troops to Britain to serve in America
during the Revolutionary War. Those states were Hesse-Cassel,
Hesse-Hanau, Brunswick, Waldeck, Ansbach-Bayreuth, and
Anhalt-Zerbst. By far the largest contingent was provided by
Hesse-Casse
Contains the wartime diaries of Lieutenant Johann Heinrich von
Bardeleben, the company Church Book of the von Donop Regiment
compiled by Chaplain Georg Christoph Coester, and the regimental
journal of Quartermaster Johann Georg Zinn. Johann von Bardeleben
Foreword by John Gardner. Presents parts of the diaries, letters
and regimental records from 34 individual sources from five of the
six German states which rented their armies to Great Britain. The
reader experiences the war in chronological order, from t
Mr. Burgoyne continues to add to our knowledge of the Germans'
participation in the Revolutionary War. Although these auxiliary
soldiers came from many different areas of Germany, they were
generally lumped together under the term "Hessians." They fough
Ludwig Alberti was born around 1767 or 1768 in Pyrmont, Germany. He
sailed as captain commandant of the Colonel's Company of the 5th
Waldeck Battalion in the service of the Batavian Republic
(Holland). He then served at the Cape as commander of the Jaeger
This fascinating journal begins 14 January 1776 when the
illustrious Prince Charles Regiment receives orders to augment
prior to marching out of the garrison at Hersfeld, Germany, to
begin its march to America, and continues with an account of what
transp
By the late eighteenth century, continental armies had adopted a
unit comprised of men who were familiar with nature, lightly armed,
and able to move quickly. They were also excellent marksmen. To
fill the ranks of these units, foresters-jaegers in German
The order book is an excellent source of information on promotions
and transfers throughout the Hessian army, and provides a picture
of the daily life in an infantry regiment. It also reveals detailed
accounts of battle plans, drill instructions, discipli
The two diaries contained in this volume were written by Lieutenant
Jakob Piel of the Hesse-Cassel von Lossberg Regiment and Captain
Andreas Wiederhold of the Hesse-Cassel von Knyphausen Regiment.
Their careers in America paralleled each other for a part
This unique diary, written by one of the thirty thousand Hessian
troops whose services were sold to George III to suppress the
American Revolution, is the most complete and informative primary
account of the Revolution from the common soldier's point of view.
Johann Conrad Dohla describes not just military activities but also
events leading up to the Revolution, American customs, the cities
and regions that he visited, and incidents in other parts of the
world that affected the war. He also evaluates the important
military commanders, giving readers an insight into how the
enlisted men felt about their leaders and opponents. Private Dohla
crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1777 as a private in the
Ansbach-Bayreuth contingent of Hessian mercenaries. His American
sojourn began in June 1777 in New York. Then, after several months
on Staten Island and Manhatten, the Ansbach-Bayreuth regiments
traveled to the thriving seaport of Newport, Rhode Island, where
they spent more than a year before the British forces evacuated the
area. The Ansbach-Bayreuth regiments returned briefly to the New
York New Jersey area before they were sent to reinforce the English
command in Virginia. Eventually Dohla participated in the battle of
Yorktown-of which he provides a vivid description-before enduring
two years as a prisoner of war after Cornwallis's surrender. Bruce
E. Burgoyne has provided an accurate translation, helpful notes for
scholars and general readers, and an introduction on the
Ansbach-Bayreuth regiments and the history of Johann Conrad Dohla
and his diary. This first edition of the diary in English will
delight all who are interested in the American Revolution and the
thirteen original colonies. Bruce E. Burgoyne, a graduate of Miami
University in Oxford, Ohio, holds a master's degree from Trinity
University in San Antonio, Texas. His military career was spent
mostly in military intelligence, with service in the United States
Navy, Army, and Air Force. Since retirement, he has spent many
years researching the role of the Hessians in the American
Revolution and has translated numerous Hessian diaries published by
the Johannes Schwalm Association.
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