The history of the Cold War is littered with what-ifs, and in Diplomacy Shot Down, E. Bruce Geelhoed explores one of the most intriguing: What if the Soviets had not shot down the American U-2 spy plane and President Dwight D. Eisenhower had visited the Soviet Union in 1960 as planned? In August 1959, with his second term nearing its end, Eisenhower made the surprise announcement that he and Soviet premier Nikita S. Khrushchev would visit each other's countries as a means of ""thawing some of the ice"" of the Cold War. Khrushchev's trip to the United States in September 1959 resulted in plans for a four-power summit involving Great Britain and France, and for Eisenhower's visit to Russia in early summer 1960. Then, in May 1960, the Soviet Union shot down an American U-2 surveillance plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers. The downing of Powers's plane was, in Geelhoed's recounting of this episode in Cold War history, not just a diplomatic crisis. The ensuing collapse of the summit and the subsequent cancelation of Eisenhower's trip to the Soviet Union amounted to a critical missed opportunity for improved US-Soviet relations at a crucial juncture in the Cold War. In a blow-by-blow description of the diplomatic overtures, the U-2 incident, and the aftermath, Diplomacy Shot Down draws upon Eisenhower's projected itinerary and unmade speeches and statements, as well as the American and international press corps' preparations for covering the aborted visit, to give readers a sense of what might have been. Eisenhower's prestige within the Soviet Union was so great, Geelhoed observes, that the trip, if it had happened, could well have led to a detente in the increasingly dangerous US-Soviet relationship. Instead, the cancelation of Ike's visit led to an escalation in hostilities that played out around the globe and nearly guaranteed that the ""missile gap"" would reemerge as an issue in the 1960 presidential campaign. A detailed account of an episode that defined the Cold War for a generation, Diplomacy Shot Down is, in its insights and revelations, something rarer still - a behind-the-scenes look at history in the unmaking.

The Michigan Wolverines' 1964 Surprise tells the untold story of the University of Michigan's 1964 football team, a team that won the Big Ten championship, the 1965 Rose Bowl, and finished 4th in the final national college football polls. Under the leadership of Bump Elliott, their head coach, the 1964 Wolverines won Michigan's first Big Ten championship since 1950 and their first Rose Bowl since 1951. In 1964, Michigan defeated four teams: Navy, Michigan State, Ohio State, and Oregon State, its Rose Bowl opponent, that were ranked in the top Ten. Michigan also defeated Minnesota for the first time since 1960 and reclaimed the prized Little Brown Jug. Despite its impressive record, Michigan's 1964 team failed to attract the national attention that it deserved. At the beginning of the 1964 season, few football observers expected Michigan to contend for the Big Ten championship. Nevertheless, after Michigan convincingly won the undisputed Big Ten championship and then defeated Oregon State, 34-7, in the Rose Bowl, it was clear that the Wolverines were one of America's elite teams and, in the minds of some observers, the best team in the country. This book chronicles the exploits of Michigan's 1964 team for the first time and gives the team its long-overdue recognition. The study uses primary materials from the Bentley Historical Library at the University of Michigan, newspaper sources, oral histories, and interviews with former Michigan players and coaches, as well as interviews with opposing players. The book will be interesting reading for the general reader as well as for enthusiasts of college football.

This volume studies Margaret Thatcher and her influence on British politics with the American reader in mind. E. Bruce Geelhoed interprets Thatcher's strengths and weaknesses as a political leader and analyzes the important trends in modern British politics. Drawing on the author's own experience as an expatriate eyewitness to the latter part of the Thatcher era, interviews with numerous British scholars and political observers, and a thorough examination of relevant published sources on the Thatcher years, this book provides an unique analysis of this extraordinary woman's leadership and the closing years of her era.

Scholars and general readers in modern British history and politics will find this fascinating reading, both for its chronicle of the latter Thatcher years and its insightful analysis of that prime minister's strengths and weakness, accomplishments and failures.

"An ordinary soldier's day-by-day account of the Great War"

Vernon E. Kniptash, an Indiana national guardsman who served in the Rainbow Division during World War I, observed firsthand some of the Great War's fiercest fighting. As a radio operator with the Headquarters Company of the 150th Field Artillery, he was in constant contact with French and British forces as well as with American troops, and thus gained a broad perspective on the hostilities. Editor E. Bruce Geelhoed introduces and annotates Kniptash's war diaries, published here for the first time.

With clarity and compelling detail, Kniptash describes the experiences of an ordinary soldier thrust into the most violent conflict the world had seen. He tells of his enthusiasm upon enlistment and of the horrors of combat that followed, as well as the drudgery of daily routine. He renders unforgettable profiles of his fellow soldiers and commanders, and manages despite the strains of warfare to leaven his writing with humor.

Readers will share Kniptash's ordeals as he participates in the furious effort to stem a major German offensive, followed by six months of violent combat and the massive Allied counteroffensive that ended the war. Because Kniptash was called to remain with the Army of Occupation in Germany after his unit was shipped home, his diaries cover the full extent of American participation in the war.

Prompted by the overt omission of Muncie's black community from the famous community study by Robert S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture, the authors initiated this project to reveal the unrecorded historical and contemporary life of Middletown, a well-known pseudonym for the Midwestern city of Muncie, Indiana. As a collaboration of community and campus, this book recounts the early efforts of Hurley Goodall to develop a community history and archive that told the story of the African American community, and rectify the representation of small town America as exclusively white. The authors designed and implemented a collaborative ethnographic field project that involved intensive interviews, research, and writing between community organizations, local experts, ethnographers, and teams of college students. This book is a unique model for collaborative research, easily accessible to students. It will be a valuable resource for instructors in anthropology, creative writing, sociology, community research, and African American studies.

The United States Liaison Office (USLO) served as the diplomatic contact for Sino-American relations between the time of the Nixon-Kissinger opening of China in 1971-1972 and the achievement of full normalization in 1979. This book presents the importance of the USLO to American foreign policy in the 1970s.

The history of the Cold War is littered with what-ifs, and in Diplomacy Shot Down, E. Bruce Geelhoed explores one of the most intriguing: What if the Soviets had not shot down the American U-2 spy plane and President Dwight D. Eisenhower had visited the Soviet Union in 1960 as planned? In August 1959, with his second term nearing its end, Eisenhower made the surprise announcement that he and Soviet premier Nikita S. Khrushchev would visit each other's countries as a means of "thawing some of the ice" of the Cold War. Khrushchev's trip to the United States in September 1959 resulted in plans for a four-power summit involving Great Britain and France, and for Eisenhower's visit to Russia in early summer 1960. Then, in May 1960, the Soviet Union shot down an American U-2 surveillance plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers. The downing of Powers's plane was, in Geelhoed's recounting of this episode in Cold War history, not just a diplomatic crisis. The ensuing collapse of the summit and the subsequent cancelation of Eisenhower's trip to the Soviet Union amounted to a critical missed opportunity for improved US-Soviet relations at a crucial juncture in the Cold War. In a blow-by-blow description of the diplomatic overtures, the U-2 incident, and the aftermath, Diplomacy Shot Down draws upon Eisenhower's projected itinerary and unmade speeches and statements, as well as the American and international press corps' preparations for covering the aborted visit, to give readers a sense of what might have been. Eisenhower's prestige within the Soviet Union was so great, Geelhoed observes, that the trip, if it had happened, could well have led to a dEtente in the increasingly dangerous US-Soviet relationship. Instead, the cancelation of Ike's visit led to an escalation in hostilities that played out around the globe and nearly guaranteed that the "missile gap" would reemerge as an issue in the 1960 presidential campaign. A detailed account of an episode that defined the Cold War for a generation, Diplomacy Shot Down is, in its insights and revelations, something rarer still-a behind-the-scenes look at history in the unmaking.

Vernon E. Kniptash, an Indiana national guardsman who served in the Rainbow Division during World War I, observed firsthand some of the Great War's fiercest fighting. As a radio operator with the Headquarters Company of the 150th Field Artillery, he was in constant contact with French and British forces as well as with American troops, and thus gained a broad perspective on the hostilities. Editor E. Bruce Geelhoed introduces and annotates Kniptash's war diaries, published here for the first time.With clarity and compelling detail, Kniptash describes the experiences of an ordinary soldier thrust into the most violent conflict the world had seen. He tells of his enthusiasm upon enlistment and of the horrors of combat that followed, as well as the drudgery of daily routine. He renders unforgettable profiles of his fellow soldiers and commanders, and manages despite the strains of warfare to leaven his writing with humor. Readers will share Kniptash's ordeals as he participates in the furious effort to stem a major German offensive, followed by six months of violent combat and the massive Allied counteroffensive that ended the war. Because Kniptash was called to remain with the Army of Occupation in Germany after his unit was shipped home, his diaries cover the full extent of American participation in the war.