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Shocking acts of terrorism have erupted from violent American
far-right extremists in recent years, including the 2015 mass
murder at a historic Black church in Charleston and the January 6,
2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol. These incidents, however, are
neither new nor unprecedented. They are the latest flashpoints in a
process that has been unfolding for decades, in which vast
conspiracy theories and radical ideologies such as white
supremacism, racism, antisemitism, xenophobia, and hostility to
government converge into a deadly threat to democracy. God, Guns,
and Sedition is the definitive account of the rise of far-right
terrorism in the United States—and how to counter it. Leading
experts Bruce Hoffman and Jacob Ware trace the historical
trajectory and assess the present-day dangers of this violent
extremist movement. They combine authoritative, nuanced analysis
with gripping storytelling and portraits of the key leaders of the
American far right and their followers. Hoffman and Ware highlight
developments including the use of cutting-edge communications
technology; the embrace of leaderless resistance or lone wolf
strategies; the emergence of characteristic tactics and targets;
infiltration and recruitment in the military and law enforcement;
and the far right’s intricate relationship with mainstream
politics. An unparalleled examination of one of today’s great
perils, God, Guns, and Sedition offers practical recommendations to
halt the growth of the far right and address the terrorist threat.
The papers in this special issue of Studies in Conflict and
Terrorism accompanied the conference in Oklahoma in April 2000,
whose purpose was to assess developments in terrorism over the
preceeding two decades, map its likely future direction and propose
policy recommendations and other remedial steps to counter the
menace. The conference and papers address themes such as:
Continuity and changes in terrorist motivations, strategies &
capabilities; policy and research concerns in copying with
terrorism; evaluations of the effectiveness of both internationa
and American counterterrorism policies and capabilities.
The papers in this special issue of Studies in Conflict and
Terrorism accompanied the conference in Oklahoma in April 2000,
whose purpose was to assess developments in terrorism over the
preceeding two decades, map its likely future direction and propose
policy recommendations and other remedial steps to counter the
menace. The conference and papers address themes such as:
Continuity and changes in terrorist motivations, strategies &
capabilities; policy and research concerns in coping with
terrorism; evaluations of the effectiveness of both international
and American counterterrorism policies and capabilities.
Lianas (woody vines) are iconic symbols of tropical forest
ecosystems around the world. Forest climbers take advantage of the
biologically-expensive architecture of trees to gain relatively
inexpensive access to the light-rich canopy. The evolution of a
climbing habit has occurred in many unrelated plant groups using
twining and clasping shoots or specialised structures such as
tendrils, hooks, spines, adhesive roots, and novel stem anatomy. In
recent decades, the significance of lianas to tropical forest
diversity (up to 40% of species), abundance (up to 45% of stems),
and forest gap dynamics has been increasingly recognised. Although
they are often considered pests in commercial forestry, woody
climbers are important to many traditional peoples as medicines,
subsistence fibres and non-timber forest products. Largely due to
the inaccessibility of their flowers and fruits, lianas and other
climbers remain among the most poorly documented life-forms in the
tropics. The Lianas of the Guianas Fieldguide aims to provide an
overview and advance understanding of woody climber diversity in
the forests of Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname. The guide will
facilitate learning and identification of woody climbers for
specialists and non-specialists with an image-rich format,
simplified terminology, a mostly vegetative family and genus key,
artistic icon guides, and common names and uses. The growth-forms
covered include woody lianas, subwoody lianas, liana-like
hemi-epiphytes, tree-like hemi-epiphytes, and climbing shrubs.
Chapters are organised alphabetically by plant family and names
follow the APG III classification. Approximately 55 families, 170
genera, and 500 more common species are described in the main text,
with ± 1300 species (including herbaceous climbers) in a
comprehensive checklist. This is one of the first such guides to
include predictive genera and species distribution model maps, with
a comprehensive set of maps made available on-line. The Lianas of
the Guianas Fieldguide will serve as an attractive and useful tool
for those concerned with the biodiversity of the Guianan Shield and
the neotropics at large. Lianas (woody vines) are iconic symbols of
tropical forest ecosystems around the world. Forest climbers take
advantage of the biologically-expensive architecture of trees to
gain relatively inexpensive access to the light-rich canopy. The
evolution of a climbing habit has occurred in many unrelated plant
groups using twining and clasping shoots or specialised structures
such as tendrils, hooks, spines, adhesive roots, and novel stem
anatomy. In recent decades, the significance of lianas to tropical
forest diversity (up to 40% of species), abundance (up to 45% of
stems), and forest gap dynamics has been increasingly recognised.
Although they are often considered pests in commercial forestry,
woody climbers are important to many traditional peoples as
medicines, subsistence fibres and non-timber forest products.
Largely due to the inaccessibility of their flowers and fruits,
lianas and other climbers remain among the most poorly documented
life-forms in the tropics. The Lianas of the Guianas Fieldguide
aims to provide an overview and advance understanding of woody
climber diversity in the forests of Guyana, French Guiana, and
Suriname. The guide will facilitate learning and identification of
woody climbers for specialists and non-specialists with an
image-rich format, simplified terminology, a mostly vegetative
family and genus key, artistic icon guides, and common names and
uses. The growth-forms covered include woody lianas, subwoody
lianas, liana-like hemi-epiphytes, tree-like hemi-epiphytes, and
climbing shrubs. Chapters are organised alphabetically by plant
family and names follow the APG III classification. Approximately
55 families, 170 genera, and 500 more common species are described
in the main text, with ± 1300 species (including herbaceous
climbers) in a comprehensive checklist. This is one of the first
such guides to include predictive genera and species distribution
model maps, with a comprehensive set of maps made available
on-line. The Lianas of the Guianas Fieldguide will serve as an
attractive and useful tool for those concerned with the
biodiversity of the Guianan Shield and the neotropics at large.
Bruce Hoffman's Inside Terrorism has remained the seminal work for
understanding the historical evolution of terrorism and the
terrorist mind-set. In this revised third edition of his classic
text, Hoffman analyzes the latest developments in global terrorism,
offering insight into new adversaries, motivations, strategies, and
tactics. He focuses on the rise of ISIS and the resilience of
al-Qaeda; terrorist exploitation of the Internet and embrace of
social media; radicalization of foreign fighters; and potential
future trends, including the repercussions of a post-caliphate
ISIS. Hoffman examines the demographics of contemporary terrorist
leaders and recruits; the continued use of suicide bombers; and the
likelihood of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear
terrorist strike. He also considers the resurgence of violent
antigovernment militants, including white supremacists and
opponents of abortion. He argues that the war on terrorism did not
end with Osama bin Laden's death and that ongoing instability and
strife in Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Yemen, among other
places, will both sustain terrorist movements and have broad
implications for domestic and international security around the
globe.
Bruce Hoffman's Inside Terrorism has remained the seminal work for
understanding the historical evolution of terrorism and the
terrorist mind-set. In this revised third edition of his classic
text, Hoffman analyzes the latest developments in global terrorism,
offering insight into new adversaries, motivations, strategies, and
tactics. He focuses on the rise of ISIS and the resilience of
al-Qaeda; terrorist exploitation of the Internet and embrace of
social media; radicalization of foreign fighters; and potential
future trends, including the repercussions of a post-caliphate
ISIS. Hoffman examines the demographics of contemporary terrorist
leaders and recruits; the continued use of suicide bombers; and the
likelihood of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear
terrorist strike. He also considers the resurgence of violent
antigovernment militants, including white supremacists and
opponents of abortion. He argues that the war on terrorism did not
end with Osama bin Laden's death and that ongoing instability and
strife in Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Yemen, among other
places, will both sustain terrorist movements and have broad
implications for domestic and international security around the
globe.
Examining major terrorist acts and campaigns undertaken in the
decade following September 11, 2001, internationally recognized
scholars study the involvement of global terrorist leaders and
organizations in these incidents and the planning, organization,
execution, recruitment, and training that went into them. Their
work captures the changing character of al-Qaeda and its affiliates
since the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq and the sophisticated
elements that, despite the West's best counterterrorism efforts,
continue to exert substantial direction over jihadist terrorist
operations. Through case studies of terrorist acts and offensives
occurring both in and outside the West, the volume's contributors
investigate al-Qaeda and other related entities as they adapted to
the strategies of Operation Enduring Freedom and subsequent
U.S.-led global counterterrorism programs. They explore whether
Osama bin Laden was indeed reduced to a mere figurehead before his
death or continued to influence al-Qaeda's global activities. Did
al-Qaeda become a loose collection of individuals and ideas
following its expulsion from Afghanistan, or was it reborn as a
transnational terrorist structure powered by a well-articulated
ideology? What is the preeminent terrorist threat we face today,
and what will it look like in the future? This anthology pinpoints
the critical patterns and strategies that will inform
counterterrorism in the coming decades.
Bruce Hoffman spent four years in the United States Marine Corps.
Two of those years were spent in Vietnam and Okinawa. And My Mother
Danced with Chesty Puller is the story of a young Marine's
adventures during the Vietnam War, sometimes humorous, sometimes
hair-raising. The story begins with a young man drawn into the
Marine Corps to become an Embassy Marine but he ends up stuck with
an office job instead. He struggles to get into the fight in
Vietnam, only to be stationed in South Carolina and is offered a
part-time job with a bootlegger to ride shotgun. When he finally
arrives in Vietnam he discovers that he isn't supposed to be there,
but in Okinawa instead, which turns out to be the land of booze and
brothels. He was able to find a few girlfriends along the way, not
only in South Carolina and Okinawa, but in Singapore, Taiwan, and
Vietnam. Marines weren't all in combat; many were "in the rear with
the beer." After volunteering three times for Vietnam he was able
to transfer to Marine Corps Helicopter Squadron VMO-2, and fly as
an Aerial Gunner in UH-1E Huey Helicopters. Finally, he became a
Marine in combat.
Bruce Hoffman spent four years in the United States Marine Corps.
Two of those years were spent in Vietnam and Okinawa. And My Mother
Danced with Chesty Puller is the story of a young Marine's
adventures during the Vietnam War, sometimes humorous, sometimes
hair-raising. The story begins with a young man drawn into the
Marine Corps to become an Embassy Marine but he ends up stuck with
an office job instead. He struggles to get into the fight in
Vietnam, only to be stationed in South Carolina and is offered a
part-time job with a bootlegger to ride shotgun. When he finally
arrives in Vietnam he discovers that he isn't supposed to be there,
but in Okinawa instead, which turns out to be the land of booze and
brothels. He was able to find a few girlfriends along the way, not
only in South Carolina and Okinawa, but in Singapore, Taiwan, and
Vietnam. Marines weren't all in combat; many were "in the rear with
the beer." After volunteering three times for Vietnam he was able
to transfer to Marine Corps Helicopter Squadron VMO-2, and fly as
an Aerial Gunner in UH-1E Huey Helicopters. Finally, he became a
Marine in combat.
As viewers of Gillo Pontecorvo's The Battle of Algiers will attest,
and as Bruce Hoffman points out in his foreword to this new edition
of Pacification in Algeria: 1956-1958, the French experience in
Algeria's war of independence provides astonishing relevance to the
U.S. occupation in Iraq and the war on terrorism. In this volume,
originally published in 1963, David Galula recounts his experiences
in Algeria at the height of the rebellion, and presents his
theories on counterinsurgency and pacification. He confronts the
larger political, psychological, and military aspects of the
Algerian war, and provides a context for present-day
counterinsurgency operations. This groundbreaking work, now
declassified, retains its impact and relevance, presenting
successful approaches to predicting, managing, and resolving
insurgent and guerilla conflict.
Organized groups of victims' families and friends have emerged
since September 11, 2001, to become a powerful voice in U.S.
counterterrorist policy and legislation. These groups were
remarkably successful in getting the 9/11 Commission established
and in getting the commission's most important recommendations
enacted. This report documents these groups and compares them to
groups formed in response to other terrorist attacks.
Certain Diaspora communities, frustrated by a perceived war against
the Muslim world, have turned against their adopted homelands,
targeting the government and its people by supporting terrorist
attacks against Western countries through recruitment, fundraising,
and training. The problem is exacerbated by the open borders of
globalization. Emerging threats must be identified without
alienating Diaspora communities and thereby playing into terrorist
hands.
This analysis describes in counterinsurgency terms where the United
States has gone wrong in Iraq; what unique challenges the conflict
presents to coalition military forces; and what light both shed on
future counterinsurgency planning, operations, and requirements.
450-character abstract: For 50 years, the United States has had
ill-fated experiences in effectively fighting insurgencies. In
counterinsurgency terms, Vietnam and Iraq form two legs of a
historically fraught triangle-with El Salvador providing the
connecting leg. In light of this history, the author analyzes where
the United States has gone wrong in Iraq; what unique challenges
the conflict presents to coalition forces deployed there; and what
light both shed on future counterinsurgency planning, operations,
and requirements.
The proceedings of a group of experts who gathered to discuss the
insurgency in Iraq, the Arab-Israeli situation, the terrorist
threat, internal security in Saudi Arabia, and Iran and the
proliferation of weapons of mass destruction These proceeding
present an informal discussion among a group of experts who
explored a set of five topics: the insurgency in Iraq, the
Arab-Israeli situation, the terrorist threat, internal security in
Saudi Arabia, and Iran and the proliferation of WMD. Each topic was
addressed with an eye toward understanding their implications for
the region as a whole and exploring what the broader consequences
might be for American and European policy.
Outside supporters, including state and non-state sponsors, of
insurgent movements offer various forms of assistance to insurgents
based on a wide range of motivations. The most useful forms of
outside support for an insurgent movement include safe havens,
financial support, political backing, and direct military
assistance. Because states are able to provide all of these types
of assistance, their support has had a profound impact on the
effectiveness of many rebel movements since the end of the Cold
War. However, state support is no longer the only, or indeed
necessarily the most important, game in town. Diasporas have played
a particularly important role in sustaining several strong
insurgencies. More rarely, refugees, guerrilla groups, or other
types of non-state supporters play a significant role in creating
or sustaining an insurgency, offering fighters, training, or other
forms of assistance. This report assesses post-Cold War trends in
external support for insurgent movements. It describes the
frequency that states, diasporas, refugees, and other non-state
actors back guerrilla movements. It also assesses the motivations
of these actors and which types of support matter most. This book
concludes by assessing the implications for analysts of insurgent
movements.
In Countering the New Terrorism, authors Ian Lesser, Bruce Hoffman,
John Arquilla, David Ronfeldt, and Michele Zanini trace the recent
evolution of international terrorism against civilian and U.S.
military targets, offer judgments on the future directions of
terrorism, and propose strategies for its containment. Can
terrorism be stopped? Contained, yes, stopped, no. This frank
report addresses the role of military forces, especially air and
space power, in national counterterrorism strategy and stresses
that the United States must strive to make terrorism "more
transparent" and address the problem of privatized terror.
Acts of terrorism are not a new threat to Washington, D.C. Over the
past two centuries, there have been several organized terrorist
attacks, as well as numerous assaults by unstable individuals
acting alone, that have targeted the White House and U.S. Capitol
building and the President or U.S. Congressmen within the city
limits of the District of Columbia. Nevertheless, it was not until
the 1980s that such incidents evoked heightened security around the
White House, initiating a process of fortification that culminated
with President Clinton's decision in April 1995 to close the
section of Pennsylvania Avenue running in front of the executive
mansion. While some have criticized the move as a knee-jerk
reaction that symbolizes a "bunker mentality" at odds with the
perceived strengths of American democracy and freedom, others have
vigorously defended the action as a reasonable contingency in the
face of a potentially serious and realistic threat. The book
considers how Pennsylvania Avenue can be re-opened while still
ensuring to the greatest extent possible the safety and security of
the President of the United States. The research was conducted as
part of a larger project aimed at reassessing and reconsidering the
physical security measures that have been imposed on the District
of Columbia in recent years.
This study analyzes states' and municipalities' terrorism
preparedness as a means of providing law enforcement with
information about the prevention and control of terrorist
activities in the United States. This document reports the results
of a 24-month research effort to survey and analyze the key
problems and issues confronting state and local law enforcement
agencies in countering such threats. The study's three principal
tasks were (1) to conduct a national survey of these agencies to
assess how they perceive the threat of terrorism and to identify
counterterrorism programs currently being used, (2) to select 10
jurisdictions to examine in detail how they have adapted to the
threat of terrorism, and (3) to identify agencies' programs
developed to counter potential future terrorist threats in
conjunction with the development of a prospective future research
agenda.
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