This exciting Research Handbook combines practitioner and academic perspectives to provide a comprehensive, cutting edge analysis of economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR), as well as the connection between ESCR and other rights. Offering an authoritative analysis of standards and jurisprudence, it argues for an expansive and inclusive approach to ESCR as human rights. Expert contributors discuss ESCR-related structures and mechanisms in the international, regional and domestic spheres, and chapters explore the details, interpretations and current developments of each thematic right, illustrating the critical cross-cutting and fault line issues relating to global ESCR. Taking a far-sighted approach, contributors critically assess the failure of dominant human rights paradigms to address ESCR and/or create a framework for multilateral responses to emerging global threats, arguing that a robust, reinforced ESCR approach and practice is needed to meet the human rights challenges of the 2020s. This Research Handbook is a valuable contribution to the human rights field. Providing an overview of ESCR-related systems, cases and challenges around the world, it will be particularly beneficial for advocates, scholars and students interested in international human rights as well as to lawyers and judges considering ESCR in the context of domestic law. International and local NGOs and human rights organizations will also find this an essential guide on mechanisms to advance ESCR as human rights. Contributors include: R. Balakrishnan, J. Bourke-Martignoni, M.V. Bras Gomes, L. Chenwi, J. Chowdhury, A. Corkery, C. de Albuquerque, K. Donald, J. Dugard, S. Gloppen, M. Gomez, J. Heintz, D. Ikawa, V. Krsticevic, C. O'Cinneide, K. Paterson, B. Porter, V. Roaf, I. Saiz, M. Sepulveda, C. Vallejo, F. Veriava, S. Wilson, A.E. Yamin

Handbook of Knowledge Representation describes the essential foundations of Knowledge Representation, which lies at the core of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The book provides an up-to-date review of twenty-five key topics in knowledge representation, written by the leaders of each field. It includes a tutorial background and cutting-edge developments, as well as applications of Knowledge Representation in a variety of AI systems. This handbook is organized into three parts. Part I deals with general methods in Knowledge Representation and reasoning and covers such topics as classical logic in Knowledge Representation; satisfiability solvers; description logics; constraint programming; conceptual graphs; nonmonotonic reasoning; model-based problem solving; and Bayesian networks. Part II focuses on classes of knowledge and specialized representations, with chapters on temporal representation and reasoning; spatial and physical reasoning; reasoning about knowledge and belief; temporal action logics; and nonmonotonic causal logic. Part III discusses Knowledge Representation in applications such as question answering; the semantic web; automated planning; cognitive robotics; multi-agent systems; and knowledge engineering. This book is an essential resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in knowledge representation and AI.

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