Digital transformation is among the most important opportunities provided by technological development. It is important to scientifically reveal the effects of digital transformation in the fields of economics, finance, banking and trade. For this purpose, research that theoretically and empirically analyzes the effects of digital transformation on the economics and finance-related fields is needed. This book aims to present these studies by operating a scientific process. Valuable studies of researchers, scientists, academicians and bureaucrats who are interested in this subject, are essential. These studies will result in a guide for managers and policymakers by revealing the effects of digital transformation and technological developments in the fields of economy and will create a scientific resource for researchers and students who are interested in the subject.

This book considers the extent to which innovation and entrepreneurship are engines of economic prosperity. It brings together theorists and empiricists from diverse backgrounds to provides a comprehensive overview of the field of entrepreneurship, focusing specifically on entrepreneurial developments within Turkey and the surrounding regions and Europe. It looks at innovation, creativity, economic development and women's empowerment. This book considers the for-profit and the not-for-profit sectors, and examines outcome metrics such as change, sustainability and employment, in addition to economic value. This book will inspire academics and students to better understand the origins, evolution and impact of new ideas, new organizations, and new industries, and the impact on the economy. This book offers an excellent foundation for investigating and questioning current entrepreneurial practices across developed economies. It will also provide the foundations for researching and evaluating new and existing approaches to emerging technologies. Additionally, the book will offer useful insights into the real world, and will appeal to academics in economics and business as well as those studying entrepreneurship on the international scene.

The coronavirus epidemic, which swept the whole world at the beginning of 2020 and turned into a widespread pandemic, has caused an important economic and social crisis. Governments and policy makers have tried to keep business life afloat with financial incentives and supports, government aids to combat the epidemic. The habits of doing business with remote working, flexible working, social media and internet use and online systems have been heavily used. After the Great Depression, the COVID epidemic caused serious contraction on the global economy. Therefore, it is important to examine the effects of this crisis by experts. With this book, the effects of the COVID crisis on different fields have been examined in detail by experts from different disciplines. We hope that this book will make significant contributions to researchers and scientists.

The book makes an effort in investigating the present and future developments in the financial system, after the COVID-19 Pandemic. The effects of health issues and epidemic diseases influencing the country economies and expected to influence to effect in the future in terms of banking sector especially Central Banking will be discussed. People who take this work will be able to look at events from different windows about money, banking, Central Banks, historical transformation of the banking sector and the relations among the entire financial system and policy makers and also their current issues.

Evoluation of Money, Banking and Financial Crisis: History, Theory and Policy focuses primarily on the historical development of money, the change of the banking sector and global financial crises. Money, which started as an exchange tool and has become digital; historical change in the banking system and its relationship with policymakers; global financial crises, balloons, and speculations and policies for the emergence and prevention of them are thoroughly examined in the book.

The book deals with the broad perspectives on the energy and environment topics and questions the traditional view on energy and environment policy and issues. Nowadays, energy and environmental issues can be accepted as the related subjects by the whole world. The link between energy and environment is backed to the time when only nature's primary resources were used. Primitive societies' energy demand was small compared to the forces of the environment. With the emergence of industrial nations, the importance of energy and environment relation appeared again.

Finance is the root of the economic systems. Positive or negative developments in the financial sector directly affect the economy of the countries. One of the fundamental components of the financial sector is the banking sector. Financial markets, which are one of the basic elements of national economies and the banking sector, form the basis of all world economies directly or indirectly. For this purpose, current affairs in both financial markets and banking sector are analysed by academicians and practitioners in different point of views.

This book considers the extent to which innovation and entrepreneurship are engines of economic prosperity. It brings together theorists and empiricists from diverse backgrounds to provides a comprehensive overview of the field of entrepreneurship, focusing specifically on entrepreneurial developments within Turkey and the surrounding regions and Europe. It looks at innovation, creativity, economic development and women's empowerment. This book considers the for-profit and the not-for-profit sectors, and examines outcome metrics such as change, sustainability and employment, in addition to economic value. This book will inspire academics and students to better understand the origins, evolution and impact of new ideas, new organizations, and new industries, and the impact on the economy. This book offers an excellent foundation for investigating and questioning current entrepreneurial practices across developed economies. It will also provide the foundations for researching and evaluating new and existing approaches to emerging technologies. Additionally, the book will offer useful insights into the real world, and will appeal to academics in economics and business as well as those studying entrepreneurship on the international scene.

The fact that environmental issues, which cause a significant externality within global goods, have gained a global dimension, necessitated more concrete steps for challenging with environmental issues. At this point, efforts to reduce environmental issues and protect the environment have been on the axis of sustainability. This book contains theoretical and empirical researches written by academicians and researches in the field of environment and sustainability. In the contributions, the macro dimensions of environmental pollution such as economic growth, health sector and technological development are examined. In addition to these, the contributors deal with micro dimensions such as consumption, marketing, accounting and firm behavior both in theory and empirically.