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The genus Pseudomonas represents a large group of medically and
envi ronmentally important bacteria. Interest in these bacteria is
reflected in the extensive number of publications devoted to
original research, re views, and books on this subject. In this
volume selected areas of Pseu domonas research are presented in
depth by persons who have been active in their fields over many
years. The extensive reviews presented are an effort to provide a
balanced perspective in a number of areas not readily available in
the current literature. In the style of the previous Biotechnology
Handbooks most of these topics have not been reviewed at all, and
several are also presented from a new direction. For example, in
addition to structural and compositional aspects, the chapter on
lipids provides shifts in lipid parameters that result from
environmental changes. This information will be invaluable to a
cross section of Pseu domonas researchers in pathogenesis and
bioremediation. The chapters presented include basic aspects of
plasmid biology and carbohydrate metabolism and regulation. A major
emphasis is placed on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell surface.
Chapters cover lipo polysaccharide, capsular polysaccharide and
alginate, the outer mem brane, transport systems, and the
flagellum. Uptake of iron is also neces sarily an important portion
of the chapter on iron metabolism."
This volume is the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study
Institute, "Diffusion in Materials", held at "Centre Paul
Langevin", Aussois, during March 12-25, 1989. There were 105
participants of whom 24 were lecturers and members of the
international advisory committee. In addition to the participants
from NATO countries, a small number of participants came from
Australia, Hungary, Poland and Tunisia. The principal aim of the
organizing committee was to bring together scientists of wide
interest and expertise in the field of diffusion and to familiarize
the young workers in material science with the wide range of
theoretical models and methods and of experimental techniques . The
Institute was concerned with the study of diffusion and related
phenomena in solids which are at the cutting edge of novel
technologies. The discussion of basic theories of defects in solids
and their transport, with their applications in the understanding
of diffusion processes in "simple solids" was followed by the wide
range of current theoretical models and methods, experimental
techniques and their potential. The lectures on the diffusion in
specific materials included : metals, dilute and concentrated
alloys, simple and compound semiconductors, stoichiometric and
non-stoichiometric oxides, high-Tc compounds, carbides, nitrides,
silicates, conducting polymers and thin films, ionic, superionic,
amorphous and irradiated materials.
This book contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study
Institute on Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic Materials, held on
the Oleron island, France, in September 1988. This Institute was
organized in nine months after receiving the agreement of the NATO
Scientific Affairs Division. Despite this very short time, most of
the lecturers contacted have accepted our invitation to prepare a
specific talk. The meeting was held at "La Vieille Perrotine" on
the Oleron island. This holiday village of the French CNRS is
located near the Ocean in a natural area which contributed to
create a very pleasant atmosphere favourable to develop interaction
between the 91 participants in this Institute. First of all, the
Institute was aimed at diffusing the foremost results on the
characterization of and the role played by surfaces, grain
boundaries and interfaces in preparation and overall properties of
ceramic materials, mainly of oxide ceramics. Through its
interdisciplinary character, the Institute was also aimed at
developing interaction between scientists and engineers interested
in basic and practical aspects of processing and use of ceramics.
The genus Pseudomonas represents a large group of medically and
envi ronmentally important bacteria. Interest in these bacteria is
reflected in the extensive number of publications devoted to
original research, re views, and books on this subject. In this
volume selected areas of Pseu domonas research are presented in
depth by persons who have been active in their fields over many
years. The extensive reviews presented are an effort to provide a
balanced perspective in a number of areas not readily available in
the current literature. In the style of the previous Biotechnology
Handbooks most of these topics have not been reviewed at all, and
several are also presented from a new direction. For example, in
addition to structural and compositional aspects, the chapter on
lipids provides shifts in lipid parameters that result from
environmental changes. This information will be invaluable to a
cross section of Pseu domonas researchers in pathogenesis and
bioremediation. The chapters presented include basic aspects of
plasmid biology and carbohydrate metabolism and regulation. A major
emphasis is placed on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell surface.
Chapters cover lipo polysaccharide, capsular polysaccharide and
alginate, the outer mem brane, transport systems, and the
flagellum. Uptake of iron is also neces sarily an important portion
of the chapter on iron metabolism.
Precambrian stromatolites have received in depth, consideration
from geologists and paleontologists; they were indeed searching for
biosedimentary structures that were sufficiently characteristic and
widely distributed to be considered as useful tools for
stratigraphic correlation. Silicified stromatolites are also of
interest as they contain preserved traces of ancient life.
Calcareous Phanerozoic stromatolites have not received very much
attention from geologists. Logan's too schematic morphological
classification of 1964, was not so helpful to the knowledge of
Phanerozoic stromatolites because neither their morphology nor
their microstructure were studied in the same detail in which
Proterozoic stromatolites have now been described. We therefore
know little about the Phanerozoic stromatolites which, do, however,
show an interesting range of diversification. A major questions
stiII remaining to be answered include the history of stromatolite
development and wether their morphology has "evolved" in addition
to detailed information concerning Cenozoic nonmarine stromatolites
which precipitate carbonate and the Recent giant stromatolites
which trap particles. For these reasons Claude Monty, in 1981,
launched the first volume of what was going to be a series on
"Phanerozoic stromatolites" in order to describe their morphology,
microstructure and paleoecology and to present them in their
stratigraphic context.
During the 2nd International Symposium on Fossil Algae, organized
by the University P. & M. Curie, Paris, in April 1979, a
special session was devoted to stromatolites; 29 papers were
presented in French, English, or Russian. Among the papers selected
originally, 16 were carried out to the final stage by their
authors. They are presented here in their stratigraphical order.
This selection does not pretend to cover the problem of Phanerozoic
stromatolites in its entirety, but relates case histories. This
should be the seed for further books analyzing and illus trating
the paleoecology, the niche and the features of Phanerozoic
stromatolites, namely throughout the Mesozoic and the Paleozoic,
where the data are still scarce; this will lead to naturalistic
views on the evolutionary features of Post Riphean stromes, and
will sharpen tools to interpret their Precambrian ancestors. Let me
introduce the papers. CLAUDE L. V. MONTY formalizes two basic types
of crypt algal micro structures: the spongiostromate and the
porostromate microstructures respectively; the rise of the latter
around the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary represents a very
significant step in the evolution of cyano bacterial
microstructures and in their interaction with the environment. K.
K. VERMA and G. BARMAN present a lower Phanerozoic stroma tolitic
assemblage from Rajasthan associated with paralic alluvial fans fed
by block faulting. Main stromatolite developments occurred during
periods of low sedimentation and negligable tectonics, and formed
in very shallow marine water. J."
This volume is the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study
Institute, "Diffusion in Materials", held at "Centre Paul
Langevin", Aussois, during March 12-25, 1989. There were 105
participants of whom 24 were lecturers and members of the
international advisory committee. In addition to the participants
from NATO countries, a small number of participants came from
Australia, Hungary, Poland and Tunisia. The principal aim of the
organizing committee was to bring together scientists of wide
interest and expertise in the field of diffusion and to familiarize
the young workers in material science with the wide range of
theoretical models and methods and of experimental techniques . The
Institute was concerned with the study of diffusion and related
phenomena in solids which are at the cutting edge of novel
technologies. The discussion of basic theories of defects in solids
and their transport, with their applications in the understanding
of diffusion processes in "simple solids" was followed by the wide
range of current theoretical models and methods, experimental
techniques and their potential. The lectures on the diffusion in
specific materials included : metals, dilute and concentrated
alloys, simple and compound semiconductors, stoichiometric and
non-stoichiometric oxides, high-Tc compounds, carbides, nitrides,
silicates, conducting polymers and thin films, ionic, superionic,
amorphous and irradiated materials.
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