This book analyzes the structure of our constitutional system of government, providing an overview of the constitutional history of American federalism as it has been developed in decisions of the United States Supreme Court. Federalism: A Reference Guide to the United States Constitution provides a thorough examination of this significant and distinctive part of the U.S. constitutional system, documenting its role in major domestic constitutional controversies in every period of American history. Although the book is organized historically rather than doctrinally, the marked evolutions of important areas of doctrine are addressed over time. These subject areas include the scope of Congress's power under the Commerce Clause, the scope of Congress's powers under the Fourteenth and other post-Civil War Amendments, the states' authority to regulate commercial and economic matters when Congress is silent, the principle of the supremacy of federal law and the law of preemption that follows from it, intergovernmental and sovereign immunities, the obligation of state courts to enforce federal law, and the scope of national power to regulate or impose obligations on the states. Provides historical information in a clear, chronological order Enables law students and lawyers to improve their understanding of the legal doctrines that underlie today's conflicts. Documents the relationships among different doctrines across particular time periods

This edited collection explores the topic of constitutionalism across borders in the struggle against terrorism, analyzing how constitutional rules and principles relevant in the field of counter-terrorism move across borders. Various chapters underline how constitution-like norms consolidate at the level of international and supranational organizations as a limit to the exercise of public power in the field of counter-terrorism policy, especially counter-terrorism financing. Other chapters examine the extraterritorial application of constitutional rights and the migration of constitutional norms - or anti-constitutional practices - from one state to another. Still others consider how transnational cooperation between states in areas such as intelligence gathering and data sharing may call for updating domestic constitutional law rules or for new international law compacts entrenching rights across borders. What emerges is a picture of the complex interplay of constitutional law, international law, criminal law and the law of war, creating webs of norms and regulations that apply in the struggle against terrorism conducted across increasingly porous borders. The book will be of particular interest to academics and graduate or post-graduate students working in the fields of constitutional law, international law, human rights, comparative law and national security law. It may also be of interest to practitioners concerned with national security, counterterrorism, and related questions of individual rights. Contributors: O. Bassok, D. Cole, K. Cooper, J. Daskal, E. de Wet, B. Dickson, A. Ejima, S. Ellmann, F. Fabbrini, L. Garlicki, J. Hafetz, V.J. Jackson, C.C. Murphy, M. Scheinin, K.L. Scheppele, A. Su, C. Walker

Jackson, Tushnet, and their contributors, distinguished jurists and legal scholars from around the world, seek to define the field of constitutional law, sometimes expressly but more often by illustrating the way in which each writer thinks about comparative constitutional law. Viewed as a whole, the collection points to common constitutional themes even though how nations responded to these issues differed substantially based on different histories, traditions, and experiences.

Three common themes emerge from the essays. First discussed are the relationships of constitutionalism and constitutional law to popular understandings and political contexts and their relationship to constitutional understandings and transformations. A second set of concerns revolve around dilemmas of equality. Third, explicit or implicit in virtually all of the essays is the theme that globalization as a phenomenon requires comparative constitutional study. Here is a thoughtful and stimulating collection that will be of value to legal scholars, students, and others involved with constitutional law issues.

Volume 79 of "Advances in Virus Research "focuses on developments surrounding rabies, an ancient disease that remains a prominent public health problem for humans. This volume highlights important research advances extending from our understanding of how the rabies virus replicates and assembles to how the disease can be prevented and treated in humans and how rabies can be controlled in wildlife hosts. Experts in the field provide insightful and up-to-date chapters that summarize our current state of knowledge in diverse aspects of this very interesting and important viral disease.

* Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

The author thoroughly describes and analyzes the most significant systems methodologies-organizations as systems, ' hard, soft, cybernetic, and critical-and demonstrates the complementary strengths of different systems approaches.

Viral infections of the nervous system are important because they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A variety of pathogenetic mechanisms are involved in these infections and an understanding of the pathogenesis is essential in understanding the diagnostic and clinical management aspects of the disease. Specialized investigations are often necessary for definitive diagnosis, although a presumptive diagnosis should often be suspected on the basis of the clinical features. Many of the chapters in this book are written by neurologists who are experts in basic science research of their topic in addition to active clinical practice in their specialty.

Advances in cancer genomics are transforming our understanding of cancer, and have profound implications for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Evolutionary dynamics suggests that as few as two mutations can cause transformation of normal cells into cancer stem cells. A process of Darwinian selection, involving a further three or more mutations, taking place over a period of years, can then result in progression to a life-threatening tumour. In many cases the immune response can recognise and eliminate the mutant cells, but most advanced tumours have mutations that activate immune checkpoints and enable the tumour to hide from the immune system. For the most hard-to-treat tumours, future progress will require molecular diagnostics to detect cancer-causing mutations in healthy subjects, and new drugs or vaccines that prevent the progression process. Chapters of this book deal with the signalling pathways that control cell division, and changes in these pathways in cancer cells. Three cell cycle checkpoints that are often mutated in cancer are analysed in detail. A discussion of chronic myeloid leukaemia illustrates the role of reactive oxygen species in driving progression from a chronic to an acute condition. A single drug that suppresses reactive oxygen can prevent disease progression and turn an otherwise deadly disease into a condition that can be managed to enable many years of normal life. Another chapter discusses chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia, a disease that involves both genetic and epigenetic change. Tumour progression is discussed as a multi-stage process in which cancer stem cells evolve into genetically unstable, invasive, metastatic, drug-resistant growths. Each of these stages can act as targets for drugs or immunomodulators, but the future of cancer treatment lies in understanding tumour dynamics, and arresting malignancy at the earliest possible stage. Evolutionary dynamics is a primarily mathematical technique, but the target readership will be tumour biologists, clinicians, and drug developers. Computational detail is provided in an online supplement, but the main text emphasises the implications of the dynamics for an understanding of tumour biology and does not require mathematical expertise.

American Indian Nations takes stock of Indian history, policy, and culture over the past 30 years. A distinctive contribution to the understanding and interpretation of current Indian affairs, policies, and community development, this dynamic commentary of contemporary issues brings together a Who's Who of tribal leaders, scholars, and activists. No other collection offers such a thought-provoking and utterly current series of essays on the problems and achievements of modern Native peoples.

American Indian Nations takes stock of Indian history, policy, and culture over the past 30 years. A distinctive contribution to the understanding and interpretation of current Indian affairs, policies, and community development, this dynamic commentary of contemporary issues brings together a Who's Who of tribal leaders, scholars, and activists. No other collection offers such a thought-provoking and utterly current series of essays on the problems and achievements of modern Native peoples.

It is estimated that 80 to 90% of drugs under development never make it to the marketplace due to insufficient clinical activity, unacceptable toxicity, rapid appearance of drug resistance, or other factors that should be, at least partially, predictable from preclinical testing. This new text asks the question, "How can we use computational methods to improve the success rate in drug development?" Computer Techniques in Preclinical and Clinical Drug Development shows how modeling makes it possible to extract the maximum amount of information and predictive value from preclinical data. Computer modeling methods from the areas of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, cytokinetics, and inhibition kinetics of multi-enzyme pathways are all discussed in this unique reference source.

Systems Thinking is a new paradigm set to revolutionize management practice in the 21st century. Systems Approaches to Management is the most comprehensive guide available to the application of this new paradigm in the field of management. It, * Traces the emergence of holistic thinking in disciplines such as biology, control engineering, sociology and the natural sciences * Details and provides a critique, based upon social theory, of the range of systems approaches, methodologies, models and methods * Offers numerous case studies to illustrate systems thinking applied to management * Introduces critical systems thinking' as a coherent framework that brings unity to the diversity of different systems approaches and advises managers, consultants, scholars and students on their use * Provides an accessible source of inspiration for managers, management consultants, scholars and students GBP/LISTGBP Covers chaos and complexity theory, the learning organization, system dynamics, living systems theory, soft systems methodology, interactive management, interactive planning, total systems intervention, autopoiesis, management cybernetics, the viable system model, operations research (hard and soft), systems analysis, systems engineering, general system theory, sociotechnical systems thinking, the fifth discipline, social systems design, team syntegrity, postmodern systems thinking, critical systems thinking, and much more. Considers the work of Ackoff, Banathy, Beer, Capra, Checkland, Churchman, Eden, Emery, Flood, Forrester, Friend, Freire, Jackson, Jantsch, Linstone, Luhmann, Mason, Maturana, Miller, Mitroff, Prigonine, Rosenhead, Senge, Stacey, Trist, Ulrich, Varela, Vickers, von Bertalanffy, Warfield, Wheatley, Wiener, and many more.

Rabies remains one of the most important global public health problems worldwide. Although many important developments have been made over the past century to combat this ancient disease, Rabies has become a re-emergent infection in the developing world. The 3e updates this classic reference with comprehensive coverage of the molecular virology, pathogenesis, vaccines, public health, immunology, and epidemiology of Rabies. Chapters new to this edition cover biothreat/bioterrorism, successful wildlife control and therapies of human Rabies, and the emergence of new lyssavirus species Rabies provides physicians, public health advisors, epidemiologists, research scientists and veterinarians with single source, authoritative and up-to-date information on the diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention of this fatal infectious virus that continues to kill over 70,000 people a year.

Rabies remains a significant global public health risk with over 70,000 deaths a year. Alan Jackson a well-known researcher in this subject and has gathered a team of experts to detail the science, treatment, and control of Rabies.Completely revised, the 3e presents Rabies as a re-emergent infection with greater emphasis on a global perspective of the virus.Provides essential information to anyone diagnosing, treating, controlling and preventing the disease.70 full-color figures highlight important information in microscopic studies.

As this century draws to a close and the new one approaches, the United States is still struggling with serious and persistent social problems. These troubling dilemmas, including poverty, homelessness, discrimination, and severe inequity, afflict some subgroups of the population more than others, and it is the plight of these at-risk groups-childr

Once a mere appendage to constitutional law proper, research in comparative constitutional law has burgeoned in recent decades. Indeed, a growing tendency towards international borrowing and harmonization has been marked in many jurisdictions (even, tentatively, the United States), but it has not been uncontroversial, or uncontested. Now, this new collection from Routledge's Critical Concepts in Law series meets the need for an authoritative reference work to help researchers and students navigate and make better sense of an abundance of scholarship in comparative constitutional law. The collection is made up of four volumes which bring together the best and most influential canonical and cutting-edge thinking. Topics include constitution-making and amendment; the different structural components of constitutional governance (such as the relationship of legislatures to courts and the effects of different methods of judicial oversight); the interaction of constitutional law with transnational sources of law; and theoretical and practical aspects of constitutional legitimacy. With a full index, and thoughtful introductions, newly written by the learned editor, Comparative Constitutional Law traces the field's development and highlights the challenges for future explorations. The collection will be valued by legal scholars-as well as by political philosophers and theorists-as a vital and enduring resource.

Since the late 1400s, tea drinkers in the Orient and the West have been passionate about teapots in ever growing numbers. Over 445 beautiful color images display a wide range of international teapots, from antique to contemporary. Porcelain, stoneware, silver, copper, brass, iron, pewter, tin, wood, and glass are shown from around the world. Children's tea sets, miniatures, musical, figural, whimsical, seasonal, advertising, commemorative, and souvenir teapots are all included. A brief history of tea is provided along with values. Join the collectors who look for teapots in exotic places and enjoy their use with every cup consumed.

As this century draws to a close and the new one approaches, the United States is still struggling with serious and persistent social problems. These troubling dilemmas, including poverty, homelessness, discrimination, and severe inequity, afflict some subgroups of the population more than others, and it is the plight of these at-risk groups. This book provides keen and powerful insights into the problems affecting the "disadvantaged" populations of this nation. The contributors' informed perspectives are critically important if we are to comprehend the scale and complexity of the obstacles to achieving an "equitable society" in the twenty-first century.

This book explains all aspects of psychological tests including how they are constructed and standardized. The advantages and pitfalls of tests are described and attention is given to reliability and validity. Information on becoming a test user and a guide for test takers are also included.