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The workshops that have been held over the past few years and the
volumes published in their wake have proved highly successful and
have prompted us to press on with our initial plans. Our basic aim
was to tackle certain very important problems in respiratory
rehabilitation and then discuss the various issues with people from
all over the wodd engaged in the updating of experience and know
ledge in this field. We therefore firmly believe that this ongoing
effort is of fundamental importance. Hyperinflation, which is still
a poody defined c1inical and physiopatho logical condition, is the
focal point ofthis present study, which is aimed at discussing and
weighing up the physiopathological mechanisms, c1inical
consequences, and rehabilitation possibilities in a disease in
which, until relatively recently, rehabilitation had seemed almost
totally ineffective. The present contributions, however, show us
how very important and versatile rehabilitation may be in its
treatment. Perhaps, if we consider this branch of medicine as one
which now no longer simply draws upon other sciences, but make an
active contribution in its own right, we will have touched upon the
most important aspect of this study. If I may, I would just like to
add how very pleasing it is for me to acknow ledge how much this
joint effort has contributed, in terms of true insights and above
all VI results, to finding solutions to the problems addressed in
reeent years.
In his review of the Proceedings of the First International
Workshop on Respiratory Muscles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease, organized in Montescano in 1986, Thomas K. Aldrich stated
that "there is little information on nutrition". We felt that the
need to supplement the evaluation of respiratory muscles by
studying nutritional problems was an important enough matter to
justify producing a specific study on the subject. This book is the
result of the efforts made in this direction. Since 1986, many of
the problems associated with nutrition and ventilatory function
have been elucidated, and we hope that the contents of this book
may contribute towards spreading interest and knowledge in this
sector, particularly among those working in the field of
respiratory rehabilitation. The physiological and clinical aspects
of nutritional problems and the therapeutic approaches adopted in
different disease conditions are dealt with in these pages by some
of the best-known researchers in the field, providing abundant
evidence, if any should be needed, that rehabilitation is not
merely exercise. The picture strongly emerging over these last few
years is that rehabilitation is not merely a matter of knowledge of
lung or respiratory muscles, but also of heart-lung interaction,
metabolic equilibrium and nutrition. So much for recent
developments, but what does the future hold in store? May 1992
RENATO CORSICO Preface Nutrition and ventilation are inextricably
related.
While emphysema and chronic bronchitis are primarily lung di
seases, one of their major consequences is to deeply affect the
function of the respiratory muscles. Lung hyperinflation shortens
the inspiratory muscles due to increased airways resistance, more
of their effort is demanded and changes in nutritional status wea
ken them further. Their malfunction can lead to severe dyspnea and
to failure of the ventilatory pump. Over the last 10 years we have
witnessed an explosion of information of how respiratory muscles
function in health and disease, new techniques for their evaluation
have been created, the concept of fatigue, weakness, and failure
was developed, and their rest or training was attemp ted. The
implication of respiratory muscles malfunction in respi ratory
medicine has reached a prominent place. It seems remarkable that
while some aspect of skeletal muscles function requires molecular
biology techniques to find new an swers, we still know little on
respiratory muscles interaction, stra tegies of coordination, their
role in dyspnea, chronic hypercapnia or how to effectively improve
their function in patients. This workshop was organized and held at
the Medical Center of Rehabilitation in Montescano and represents
an attempt to focus on how the newly adquired wealth of information
can eventually be trasformed into medical care. The particpants in
this workshop brought forward challenging thoughts and we are most
grateful for their participation. This book represents a report of
the proceedings and also provides the most updated information in
this field.
Respiratory rehabilitation can be defined as long term evaluation
and therapy. This definition has evolved considerably from earlier
and more restrictive attempts to delineate the discipline.
Currently, respiratory rehabilitation involves evaluation
techniques and treatment strategies which utilize the benefits
gained from exercises, but without being limited to it. Respiratory
muscle training, non-invasive mechanical ventilation,
bronchodilator drugs, and metabolic balance and maintenance of
nutrition are just a few of the topics covered in this book. The
editors have organized the text to provide an updated review of the
topic and indicate many areas in need of development and
exploration in the years ahead. The information provided is easily
accessible to a broad spectrum of readers, including clinicians,
researchers, pharmacologists, technicians and therapists.
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