This book is devoted to the modeling and understanding of complex urban systems. This second volume of Understanding Complex Urban Systems focuses on the challenges of the modeling tools, concerning, e.g., the quality and quantity of data and the selection of an appropriate modeling approach. It is meant to support urban decision-makers-including municipal politicians, spatial planners, and citizen groups-in choosing an appropriate modeling approach for their particular modeling requirements. The contributors to this volume are from different disciplines, but all share the same goal: optimizing the representation of complex urban systems. They present and discuss a variety of approaches for dealing with data-availability problems and finding appropriate modeling approaches-and not only in terms of computer modeling. The selection of articles featured in this volume reflect a broad variety of new and established modeling approaches such as: - An argument for using Big Data methods in conjunction with Agent-based Modeling; - The introduction of a participatory approach involving citizens, in order to utilize an Agent-based Modeling approach to simulate urban-growth scenarios; - A presentation of semantic modeling to enable a flexible application of modeling methods and a flexible exchange of data; - An article about a nested-systems approach to analyzing a city's interdependent subsystems (according to these subsystems' different velocities of change); - An article about methods that use Luhmann's system theory to characterize cities as systems that are composed of flows; - An article that demonstrates how the Sen-Nussbaum Capabilities Approach can be used in urban systems to measure household well-being shifts that occur in response to the resettlement of urban households; - A final article that illustrates how Adaptive Cycles of Complex Adaptive Systems, as well as innovation, can be applied to gain a better understanding of cities and to promote more resilient and more sustainable urban futures.

The general theme of Volume 24 is the impact of, and reaction to, the spread of market systems and market liberalization by local communities. Part I examines cases in which migration has opened new market and entrepreneurial opportunities to local populations. Part II contains cases that describe ethnographically the impacts the oil industry market has had on towns of Louisiana's Gulf coast. The essays of Part III concern themselves with community repercussions that recent neoliberal market policies have had, while Part IV contains papers that analyse the process in which values of products and services are defined economically, culturally and politically in the context of developing markets and commoditization. This book focuses on market systems and market liberalization in local communities. Specific topics addressed include the oil industry and the gulf coast, negotiating values in the market, and many more. The international case examples provide a global perspective.

This book is devoted to the modeling and understanding of complex urban systems. This second volume of Understanding Complex Urban Systems focuses on the challenges of the modeling tools, concerning, e.g., the quality and quantity of data and the selection of an appropriate modeling approach. It is meant to support urban decision-makers-including municipal politicians, spatial planners, and citizen groups-in choosing an appropriate modeling approach for their particular modeling requirements. The contributors to this volume are from different disciplines, but all share the same goal: optimizing the representation of complex urban systems. They present and discuss a variety of approaches for dealing with data-availability problems and finding appropriate modeling approaches-and not only in terms of computer modeling. The selection of articles featured in this volume reflect a broad variety of new and established modeling approaches such as: - An argument for using Big Data methods in conjunction with Agent-based Modeling; - The introduction of a participatory approach involving citizens, in order to utilize an Agent-based Modeling approach to simulate urban-growth scenarios; - A presentation of semantic modeling to enable a flexible application of modeling methods and a flexible exchange of data; - An article about a nested-systems approach to analyzing a city's interdependent subsystems (according to these subsystems' different velocities of change); - An article about methods that use Luhmann's system theory to characterize cities as systems that are composed of flows; - An article that demonstrates how the Sen-Nussbaum Capabilities Approach can be used in urban systems to measure household well-being shifts that occur in response to the resettlement of urban households; - A final article that illustrates how Adaptive Cycles of Complex Adaptive Systems, as well as innovation, can be applied to gain a better understanding of cities and to promote more resilient and more sustainable urban futures.

This issue of Clinics in Sports Medicine, guest edited by Dr. Stephen Brockmeier and Brian Werner, will discuss key topics related to Shoulder Arthritis in the Young and Active Patient. Articles include: Etiology of Shoulder Arthritis in the Young Patient, Non-Arthroplasty Options, Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty, Biologic Options for Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis, Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in the Athlete and Active Individual, Minimally Invasive and Subscapularis Sparing Techniques for Shoulder Arthroplasty, Rehab Strategies after Shoulder Arthroplasty, "Return to Play" after Shoulder Replacement Surgery, Outcomes After Shoulder Replacement Surgery in the Young Patient, and Future Frontiers in Shoulder Arthroplasty and the Management of Shoulder Osteoarthritis.

Integrating MRI findings associated with the spectrum of problems seen in the most commonly treated joints in sports medicine with the diagnostic findings seen during arthroscopy of the same joint in the same patient, this unique text correlates this pathology and applies these findings to the clinic, the radiology reading room and the operating suite. Representing a microcosm of daily patient care, this atlas of interactive correlation is an exceedingly effective tool for education and continued learning, an impetus for interdisciplinary research collaboration, and a critical part of an approach to optimum patient care. Furthermore, this case-based correlation between MRI imaging and arthroscopic findings and treatment has been a well-received and effective method for teaching and discussion at meetings and instructional courses. The second edition of this popular case atlas is organized into five sections highlighting the major joints in which MRI and arthroscopy are most commonly used in sports medicine: knee, shoulder, elbow, hip, and a brand new section on the ankle. Chapters have been reformatted to a consistent presentation, beginning with an overview of the specific disease entity and followed by selected cases chosen by the chapter authors that best illustrate common or noteworthy disease entities or pathology, with an emphasis on the parallel MRI imaging and arthroscopic findings. Throughout the text, updated arthroscopy images reflect current surgical techniques, many of which have changed significantly since the original edition was published. Authors and section editors, many new to this edition, are nationally recognized experts, teachers and pioneers in their respective areas of sports medicine and have covered the gamut of topics in each of their sections. Taken together, this will be an invaluable resource for sports medicine specialists, orthopedic surgeons and musculoskeletal radiologists alike, promoting increasingly accurate diagnoses of pathology and advanced treatment options to aid in the optimization of patient care and recovery.