This collection of 7 lectures is intended to be a textbook for graduate students who want to learn about modern developments in astronomy and astrophysics. The first part surveys various aspects of the late stages of stellar evolution, including observation and theory. B.C. de Loore's long article on stellar structure is followed by reviews on supernovae, on circumstellar envelopes, and on the evolution of binaries. The second part deals with the important problem of modeling stellar evolution based on the computational hydrodynamics.