Scholarly Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: B, Kings College London, language: English, abstract: For quite a long time now the main concern for investors as well as regulators of financial markets has been the risk of catastrophic market and the sufficiency of capital needed to counter such kind of risk when it occurs. Many institutions have undergone loses despite their gigantic nature and good forecasting and this has been associated with inappropriate forms of pricing and poor management together with the fraudulent cases, factors that have always brought the issue of managing risk and regulating these financial markets to the level of public policy as well as discussion. A basic tool that has been identified as being effective in the assessment of financial risk is the Value at Risk (VaR) process (Artzner, et al., 1997). The VaR has been figured out as being an amount that is lost on a given form of portfolio including a small probability in a certain fixed period of time counted in terms of days. VaR however poses a major challenge during its implementation and this has more to do with the specification of the kind of probability distribution having extreme returns that is made use of during the calculation of the estimates used in the VaR analysis (Mahoney, 1996; McNeil & Frey, 2000; Dowd, 2001). As has been noted, the nature of VaR estimation majorly does depend on the accurate predictions of some uncommon events or risks that are catastrophic. This is attributed to the fact that VaR is a calculation made from the lowest portfolio returns. For this reason, any form of calculation that is employed in the estimation of VaR must be able to encompass the tail events' prediction and make this its primary goal (Chiang, et al., 2007; Engle, 2002; Engle & Kroner, 1995; Engle & Rothschild, 1990; Francis, et al., 2001). There have been statistical techniques as well as thumb rules that many researchers argue a

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Operations Research, grade: A, Kings College London, language: English, abstract: Norwegian airline operator has been offering airline services for quite a long time, frequently among the Scandinavian countries. However, the condition for service quality has been deteriorating for the last couple of decade. Despite the many researches done to dig out the factors that could be adjusted to favour service quality, not much has been seen to change. This study was aimed at conducting an exploratory survey in the grounds of the Norwegian company to find out the recommendations for the company's quality service. We issued self-governed questionnaires to the customers at the waiting room, who were rather waiting for flight take off. A focus group discussion was also conducted by the group to engage the passengers in a dialogue that involved customer service quality expectations and perceptions. During the survey period which took six days, we interacted with the customers and show them the need for their genuine response towards the questions asked. A well elaborated questionnaire was distributed to the customers who answered them as they awaited the operator services. The customers answered the questions at their own pace, giving their opinions independently. The sampled population was made-up of 120 customers taking on flights among the Scandinavian countries at Oslo Airport. The answers were analysed and deductions made from the analysis. The services expected offered by the company were rated along with the customers' expectations and that was what could only measure customer satisfaction for services offered by Norwegian airline service. SERVQUAL system was used to calculate the relationship between customer expectations and perceptions. Some mathematical implications of mean and standard deviations also added some weight on the relationship between the company's present status and customer perce

Africana Race and Communication: A Social Study of Film, Communication, and Social Media focuses on the areas of History, Ethos, Motif, and Mythology-Philosophy. This study is an interdisciplinary study, which surveys the collection, interpretation, and analysis of Black communication and culture. Likewise, the intellectual dexterity of Africana Studies as an interdisciplinary body of knowledge postures alternative ways of probing Africana phenomena. This volume provides a categorical lens matrix of Africana Studies to locate race and communication in place, space, and time. Thus, it provides readers with a compilation of literary, historical, philosophical, and communicative essays that attempt to describe and evaluate the Africana experience from a centered perspective.

Africana Race and Communication: A Social Study of Film, Communication, and Social Media focuses on the areas of History, Ethos, Motif, and Mythology-Philosophy. This study is an interdisciplinary study, which surveys the collection, interpretation, and analysis of Black communication and culture. Likewise, the intellectual dexterity of Africana Studies as an interdisciplinary body of knowledge postures alternative ways of probing Africana phenomena. This volume provides a categorical lens matrix of Africana Studies to locate race and communication in place, space, and time. Thus, it provides readers with a compilation of literary, historical, philosophical, and communicative essays that attempt to describe and evaluate the Africana experience from a centered perspective.