This book gathers contributions to the 21st biannual symposium of the German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association (STAB) and the German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics (DGLR). The individual chapters reflect ongoing research conducted by the STAB members in the field of numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, mainly for (but not limited to) aerospace applications, and cover both nationally and EC-funded projects. Special emphasis is given to collaborative research projects conducted by German scientists and engineers from universities, research-establishments and industries. By addressing a number of cutting-edge applications, together with the relevant physical and mathematics fundamentals, the book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the current research work in the field. The book's primary emphasis is on aerodynamic research in aeronautics and astronautics, and in ground transportation and energy as well.

The physical principles of swimming and flying in animals are intriguingly different from those of ships and airplanes. The study of animal locomotion therefore holds a special place not only at the frontiers of pure fluid dynamics research, but also in the applied field of biomimetics, which aims to emulate salient aspects of the performance and function of living organisms. For example, fluid dynamic loads are so significant for swimming fish that they are expected to have developed efficient flow control procedures through the evolutionary process of adaptation by natural selection, which might in turn be applied to the design of robotic swimmers. And yet, sharply contrasting views as to the energetic efficiency of oscillatory propulsion - especially for marine animals - demand a careful assessment of the forces and energy expended at realistic Reynolds numbers. For this and many other research questions, an experimental approach is often the most appropriate methodology. This holds as much for flying animals as it does for swimming ones, and similar experimental challenges apply - studying tethered as opposed to free locomotion, or studying the flow around robotic models as opposed to real animals. This book provides a wide-ranging snapshot of the state-of-the-art in experimental research on the physics of swimming and flying animals. The resulting picture reflects not only upon the questions that are of interest in current pure and applied research, but also upon the experimental techniques that are available to answer them.

This book is the closing report of the national priority program Nature-Inspired Fluid Mechanics (Schwerpunktprogramm SPP 1207: Stroemungsbeeinflussung in der Natur und Technik). Nature-inspired fluid mechanics is one subset of biomimetics, a discipline which has received increased attention over the last decade, with numerous faculties and degree courses devoted solely to exploring 'nature as a model' for engineering applications. To save locomotion energy, evolution has optimized the design of animals such that friction loss is minimized. In addition to many morphological adaptations, animals that are often exposed to water or air currents have developed special behaviors that allow them to use the energy contained in air or water fluctuations for energy savings. Such flow manipulation and control is not only important for many animals, but also for many engineering applications. Since living beings have been optimized by several million years of evolution it is very likely that many engineering disciplines can profit from the study of systems found in nature. Curiously, there has been little serious cross-disciplinary work and information exchange on the topic of fluid dynamics and flow control and this was the initial motivation to establish this national priority program.

This book is the closing report of the national priority program Nature-Inspired Fluid Mechanics (Schwerpunktprogramm SPP 1207: Stroemungsbeeinflussung in der Natur und Technik). Nature-inspired fluid mechanics is one subset of biomimetics, a discipline which has received increased attention over the last decade, with numerous faculties and degree courses devoted solely to exploring 'nature as a model' for engineering applications. To save locomotion energy, evolution has optimized the design of animals such that friction loss is minimized. In addition to many morphological adaptations, animals that are often exposed to water or air currents have developed special behaviors that allow them to use the energy contained in air or water fluctuations for energy savings. Such flow manipulation and control is not only important for many animals, but also for many engineering applications. Since living beings have been optimized by several million years of evolution it is very likely that many engineering disciplines can profit from the study of systems found in nature. Curiously, there has been little serious cross-disciplinary work and information exchange on the topic of fluid dynamics and flow control and this was the initial motivation to establish this national priority program.

This volume includes revised and extended versions of selected papers presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics held at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, during the period of July 10 to 13, 2000. The papers describe instrumentation developments for Velocity, Scalar and Multi-Phase Flows and results of measurements of Turbulent Flows, and Combustion and Engines. The papers demonstrate the continuing and healthy interest in the development of understanding of new methodologies and implementation in terms of new instrumentation. The prime objective of the Tenth Symposium was to provide a forum for the presentation of the most advanced research on laser techniques for flow measurements, and communicate significant results to fluid mechanics. The application of laser techniques to scientific and engineering fluid flow research was emphasized, but contributions to the theory and practice of laser methods were also considered where they facilitate new improved fluid mechanic research. Attention was placed on laser-Doppler anemometry, particle sizing and other methods for the measurement of velocity and scalars, such as particle image velocimetry and laser induced fluorescence.

Providing the first comprehensive treatment, this book covers all aspects of the laser Doppler and phase Doppler measurement techniques, including light scattering from small particles, fundamental optics, system design, signal and data processing, tracer particle generation, and applications in single and two-phase flows. The book is intended as both a reference book for more experienced users as well as an instructional book for students. It provides ample material as a basis for a lecture course on the subject and represents one of the most comprehensive treatments of the phase Doppler technique to date. The book will serve as a valuable reference book in any fluid mechanics laboratory where the laser Doppler or phase Doppler techniques are used. This work reflects the authors' long practical experience in the development of the techniques and equipment, as the many examples confirm.

This volume features the contributions to the 15th Symposium of the STAB (German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association). Papers provide a broad overview of ongoing work in Germany, including high aspect ratio wings, low aspect ratio wings, bluff bodies, laminar flow control and transition, active flow control, hypersonic flows, aeroelasticity, aeroacoustics, mathematical fundamentals, numerical simulations, physical fundamentals, and facilities.

This volume features the contributions to the 15th Symposium of the STAB (German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association). Papers provide a broad overview of ongoing work in Germany, including high aspect ratio wings, low aspect ratio wings, bluff bodies, laminar flow control and transition, active flow control, hypersonic flows, aeroelasticity, aeroacoustics, mathematical fundamentals, numerical simulations, physical fundamentals, and facilities.

Providing the first comprehensive treatment, this book covers all aspects of the laser Doppler and phase Doppler measurement techniques, including light scattering from small particles, fundamental optics, system design, signal and data processing, tracer particle generation, and applications in single and two-phase flows. The book is intended as both a reference book for more experienced users as well as an instructional book for students. It provides ample material as a basis for a lecture course on the subject and represents one of the most comprehensive treatments of the phase Doppler technique to date. The book will serve as a valuable reference book in any fluid mechanics laboratory where the laser Doppler or phase Doppler techniques are used. This work reflects the authors' long practical experience in the development of the techniques and equipment, as the many examples confirm.

This volume includes revised and extended versions of selected papers presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics held in Lisbon in July 2000.The papers describe instrumentation developments for velocity, scalar and multiphase flows and results of measurements of turbulent flows, and combustion and engines. Focus is placed on laser-Doppler anemometry, particle sizing and other methods for the measurement of velocity and scalars, such as particle image velocimetry and laser induced fluorescence. The application of laser techniques to scientific and engineering fluid flow research was emphasized, but contributions to the theory and practice of laser were also considered where they facilitate new improved fluid mechanic research.

This book gathers contributions to the 21st biannual symposium of the German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association (STAB) and the German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics (DGLR). The individual chapters reflect ongoing research conducted by the STAB members in the field of numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, mainly for (but not limited to) aerospace applications, and cover both nationally and EC-funded projects. Special emphasis is given to collaborative research projects conducted by German scientists and engineers from universities, research-establishments and industries. By addressing a number of cutting-edge applications, together with the relevant physical and mathematics fundamentals, the book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the current research work in the field. The book's primary emphasis is on aerodynamic research in aeronautics and astronautics, and in ground transportation and energy as well.

In vielen Wissenschafts- und Technikzweigen ist der praktische Nutzen der Bionik anerkannt. Die Losung technischer Probleme mit Hilfe biologisch motivierter Prinzipien wird erfolgreich praktiziert. Aussen vor blieb jedoch bisher die Verstandigung zwischen den beteiligten Wissenschaftszweigen.

Dieses Buch gibt einen aktuellen Uberblick uber die unterschiedlichen Forschungsfelder, angefangen von Optimierungsstrategien in der Robotik uber Adaptive Beinprothesen, Informationsverarbeitung in naturlichen und kunstlichen Systemen, Optimierungsstrategien in der Industrie bis hin zu Philosophischen Aspekten der Bionik. Somit unterstutzt es erstmals einen Diskurs zwischen den Disziplinen und ermoglicht einen Austausch zwischen Forschern unterschiedlicher Fachgebiete. Die Beitrage sind allgemein verstandlich geschrieben und wagen einen Blick in die Zukunft spannender Forschungsaufgaben."

This key text is a major reference work – a totally authoritative handbook on a major current topic. It consolidates state-of-the-art information from the large number of disciplines used in Experimental Fluid Mechanics into a readable desk reference book. It comprises four parts: Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, Measurement of Primary Quantities, Specific Experimental Approaches, and Analyses and Post-Processing of Data. The book has been prepared for physicists and engineers in research and development in universities, in industry and in other research institutions. Both experimental methodology and techniques are covered fundamentally and for a wide range of application fields. A generous use of citations directs the reader to additional material on each subject.