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Globalisation and neo-liberalism have been impacting the
nation-state and leading the full citizenship concept into crisis,
not only in Turkey but also in the world. While one reason for this
crisis is the decline of the welfare state, another reason stems
from the fluidity of borders that distorts the classical patterns
of the nation-state such as meta-identity. The existing Turkish
citizenship inherited a strong state idea with passive citizenship
tradition from the Ottoman Empire. However, this understanding is
no longer sustainable for Turkish society. The definition of
citizenship through state-led nationalism, secularism, and a free
market economy creates societal crises in politics and society. The
aim of this book is to find out the answer of what should be the
ideal citizenship regime for Turkey. Various scholars dealing with
Turkish socio-politics analyze different aspects and problems of
Turkish citizenship regime that should be tackled for finding a
recipe for ideal citizenship in Turkey.
This study is an effort to reveal how patriarchy is embedded in
different societal and state structures, including the economy,
juvenile penal justice system, popular culture, economic sphere,
ethnic minorities, and social movements in Turkey. All the articles
share the common ground that the political and economic sphere,
societal values, and culture produce conservatism regenerate
patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity in both society and the state
sphere. This situation imprisons women within their houses and
makes non-heterosexuals invisible in the public sphere, thereby
preserving the hegemony of men in the public sphere by which this
male-dominated mentality or namely hegemonic masculinity excludes
all forms of others and tries to preserve hierarchical structures.
In this regard, the citizenship and the gender regime bound to each
other function as an exclusion mechanism that prevents tolerance
and pluralism in society and the political sphere.
This study is an effort to reveal how patriarchy is embedded in
different societal and state structures, including the economy,
juvenile penal justice system, popular culture, economic sphere,
ethnic minorities, and social movements in Turkey. All the articles
share the common ground that the political and economic sphere,
societal values, and culture produce conservatism regenerate
patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity in both society and the state
sphere. This situation imprisons women within their houses and
makes non-heterosexuals invisible in the public sphere, thereby
preserving the hegemony of men in the public sphere by which this
male-dominated mentality or namely hegemonic masculinity excludes
all forms of others and tries to preserve hierarchical structures.
In this regard, the citizenship and the gender regime bound to each
other function as an exclusion mechanism that prevents tolerance
and pluralism in society and the political sphere.
Studies of democratization in the 1980s and 1990s after the
second-wave of military regimes across the world investigated the
process from various angles, each focusing on its specific
dimensions and actors. This study analyzes the Turkish experience
of re-democratization preceded by a relatively short military
regime (1980-1983) from the perspective of political parties. It
deals with both the trajectory of democratization and the
reconstruction of political parties as institutions. Turkish
democratization has turned out to be a protracted process extending
into the late 1990s-and even continuing today--, and it has
unfolded through a series of political reforms. While the Turkish
military has retained its tutelary and supervisory role, political
parties emerged as the critical actors in the reform process. This
study looks closely into the identities and strategies of Turkey's
major political parties and party elites who held power in the
first decade after the transition from military rule. It analyzes
how parties have met the double challenge of institutionalizing and
of democratizating the political system amidst internal and
external pressures.
This edited volume brings together chapters that offer
theoretically pertinent comparisons between various dimensions of
Israeli and Turkish politics. Each chapter covers a different
aspect of state-society interactions in both countries from a
comparative perspective, including the public role of religion,
political culture, women rights movements, religious education,
religious movements, marriage regulation, labor market inclusion,
and ethnic minorities. Israel and Turkey share significant
similarities, such as state formation under nationalist ideologies,
familiarity with democratic governance since the 1940s, strong
affiliation with the West, recent resurgence of religious parties,
ongoing conflict with ethno-national minority groups that challenge
the dominant national project, contemporary popular protests
against the incumbent regime, and recent serious erosion of
democratic rights. At the same time they differ on major variables,
such as size, majority religion, geopolitical location, level of
economic development, policy towards ethnic minorities, and
institutional arrangements to managing the state-religion
relations. The presence of these differences in face of common
backgrounds facilitates analytically grounded comparisons in a host
of dimensions. Therefore, employing a case-oriented comparative
method, this book provides historically interpretative and causally
analytic accounts on the politics of both societies. The
contributions reveal the dynamic and complex-rather than
one-dimensional and linear-nature of political processes in both
settings. This empirically rich and theoretically sophisticated
volume should contribute to a better understanding of these two
important states, and, no less important, stimulate new directions
for comparative research, especially on Middle East regimes, social
movements, and democratization.
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