Indigenous psychologies are attempts to portray the concepts, and to present the evidence, about human behaviour and experience from a point of view within the cultural traditions of the group. It takes a position that distances itself from a uniform (usually Western) psychology, and explores human psychological variation in its own cultural contexts. Indigenous psychologies provide important alternatives to the existing unitary psychology, but in their very diversity we may discover variations and communalities that could provide the basic material to create a more truly pan-human psychology. Thus, diversity in psychological knowledge may allow for the eventual development of a more representative psychology that will likely be very different from current conceptions of human behaviour.

Leadership is vital to creativity and successful innovation in groups and organizations; leadership is however seldom studied in the academic literature as a creativity driver. One reason for the lack of attention paid to leadership's effect on creativity may be the common belief that creativity cannot and should not be managed. Creative individuals and groups are regarded as, and indeed often are, autonomous and self-driving. From this belief the erroneous conclusion is drawn that there is no need for leadership in creative environments and situations. The better conclusion, proposed by this book, is that leadership not only stimulates creativity, but that such a leadership in the science, technology, and innovation fields should specifically possess at least two features: a) expertise in the field(s), and b) an ability to create, support, and encourage individuals, groups, and creative knowledge environments. A number of specialist authors in this volume offer original theoretical, empirical, and applied chapters that elucidate how to better organize and lead creative efforts in science, technology, and innovation. A number of important research questions are raised and answered, including: What kinds of leaderships are needed at different levels of S&T organizations for a creative output? What social and cognitive abilities and skills are needed for leadership in creative environments? How does leadership vary with different phases of the creative process? This book offers concrete analysis of how leaders and managers can facilitate, promote, and organize for creative performance in science, technology, and in innovating organizations, making it required reading for academic and industrial research leaders, scientists, and engineers.

Despite regionalism having developed into a global phenomenon, the European Union (EU) is still more often than not presented as the 'role-model of regionalism' whose institutional designs and norms are adopted by other regional actors and organizations as part of a rather passive 'downloading process'. Reaching beyond such a Eurocentric perception, Mapping Agency provides an empirically rich 'African perspective' on regionalisms in Sub-Saharan Africa. It adopts an actor-centred approach but departs from a rather simplified understanding of agency as exerting power and instead scrutinizes to what extent actors actually participate in or are excluded from processes of regionalism. The value of this volume derives from the inclusion of historical dimensions, its open multi-actor approach to both formal and informal processes and its comparative perspective within but also beyond Sub-Saharan Africa. The chapters offer a multifaceted picture of agency beyond disciplinary divides where the EU is one actor amongst many and where local, national, regional and global state and non-state actors shape - and sometimes break - processes of regionalisms in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Despite regionalism having developed into a global phenomenon, the European Union (EU) is still more often than not presented as the 'role-model of regionalism' whose institutional designs and norms are adopted by other regional actors and organizations as part of a rather passive 'downloading process'. Reaching beyond such a Eurocentric perception, Mapping Agency provides an empirically rich 'African perspective' on regionalisms in Sub-Saharan Africa. It adopts an actor-centred approach but departs from a rather simplified understanding of agency as exerting power and instead scrutinizes to what extent actors actually participate in or are excluded from processes of regionalism. The value of this volume derives from the inclusion of historical dimensions, its open multi-actor approach to both formal and informal processes and its comparative perspective within but also beyond Sub-Saharan Africa. The chapters offer a multifaceted picture of agency beyond disciplinary divides where the EU is one actor amongst many and where local, national, regional and global state and non-state actors shape - and sometimes break - processes of regionalisms in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Das vorliegende Buch enth{lt die Beitr{ge eines internatio- nalen Symposiumszum Thema "Stimulierte Hirndurchblutung." Vorgestellt werden zun{chst neue Erkenntnisse zur Regulation der Hinrdurchblutung. Im 2. Abschnitt kommen verschiedene Methoden zur Messung der Hirndurchblutung zur Sprache, die sowohl unter experimentellen als auch unter klinischen Be- dingungengetestet wurden. Es folgt ein Abschnitt, der ver- schiedene M-glichkeiten zur Stimulation der Hirndurchblutung aufzeigt. Im letzten Abschnitt wird aufdie Bedeutung der stimulierten Hirndurchblutungsmessung zur Bestimmung der ce- rebrovascul{ren Reservekapazit{ten hingewiesen. Dieser Para- meter hat nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen klinisch- praktische Bedeutung, beispielsweise f}r die Indikations- stellung bei cerebrovascul{ren Eingriffen zur Isch{mie-Pro- phylaxe.

This volume of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series contains the set of papers accepted for the two co-located NGC/ICQT2003 workshops, i.e., the 5th COST 264 International Workshop on Networked Group Communications (NGC) and the 3rd - ternationalWorkshopon InternetChargingandQoSTechnology(ICQT),bothof which took place at the University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich (UniBwM), Germany and were hosted by the Information and Systems Laboratory, IIS. NGC2003wasthe ?fth workshopin a continuingseriesof highlysuccessfultech- cal meetings on group communications within the framework of the COST Action 264 "Networked Group Communications," following previous events in Pisa, Italy, 1999, Stamford, USA, 2000, London, UK, 2001, and Boston, USA, 2002. ICQT2003 was the latest edition of a vivid workshop on Internet economics and charging technology; previous events took place in the framework of the Annual Meeting of the German - ciety for Computer Science (GI) and the Austrian Computer Society in 2001 in Vienna, Austria, and in Zuri .. ch, Switzerland in 2002, co-located with the QofIS2002 workshop.

Leadership is vital to creativity and successful innovation in groups and organizations; leadership is however seldom studied in the academic literature as a creativity driver. One reason for the lack of attention paid to leadership's effect on creativity may be the common belief that creativity cannot and should not be managed. Creative individuals and groups are regarded as, and indeed often are, autonomous and self-driving. From this belief the erroneous conclusion is drawn that there is no need for leadership in creative environments and situations. The better conclusion, proposed by this book, is that leadership not only stimulates creativity, but that such a leadership in the science, technology, and innovation fields should specifically possess at least two features: a) expertise in the field(s), and b) an ability to create, support, and encourage individuals, groups, and creative knowledge environments. A number of specialist authors in this volume offer original theoretical, empirical, and applied chapters that elucidate how to better organize and lead creative efforts in science, technology, and innovation. A number of important research questions are raised and answered, including: What kinds of leaderships are needed at different levels of S&T organizations for a creative output? What social and cognitive abilities and skills are needed for leadership in creative environments? How does leadership vary with different phases of the creative process? This book offers concrete analysis of how leaders and managers can facilitate, promote, and organize for creative performance in science, technology, and in innovating organizations, making it required reading for academic and industrial research leaders, scientists, and engineers.

Do you know where your money comes from? With humor and gentle satire, bestselling author of Honest Money Carl Andersen explores the history of Freedomland--a fictional nation that may seem all-too-familiar--from its early days as a haven for liberty-loving colonists to its current state of crisis. When the unscrupulous central bank floods the economy with worthless paper money and desperate citizens are forced to borrow more and more to keep their homes and businesses afloat, the flaws in the system become glaringly obvious. Will the freedomlovers ever learn?

Discover the money secrets your local bank and the Federal Reserve both don't want you to know and, at the same time, think you're not smart enough to understand anyway. (You are). Understand where money comes from, how it is made, and who makes it. (It's not what you think ). Learn the truth about inflation, what it really is, and what causes it. Find out why politicians and bankers fight so strongly against the "Audit the Fed" movement. Learn about Honest Money and why it's much better than our current fiat money system. Carl Martin Andersen explains these financial mysteries using simple and easy to understand stories and examples. Andersen finishes with some suggestions on how to prepare your family for an uncertain economic future. It may just be some of the most educational 60 pages you've ever read. You will never look at money the same way again

Book 2 of "Touch the Stars" by Carl Martin and John Dalmas"Got it Solved"-3 Words to Save the Future of Humanity

Jason Roanhorse finds his son, Gordon, to be a talented leader. Gordon is not just any rich man's son. He develops the skills to solve tough problems on an interstellar scale-skills he will need when finally he confronts Kark in a war that covers this entire region of the Milky Way galaxy. Gordon's attitude is pure "got it solved" and unreasonable. And that's a good thing. Any reasons for failure are merely worthless excuses that jeopardize the lives of millions.For the Love of Kark

Vormin Kark may have a tiny body, but his evil is measured in hundreds of light years. After enslaving numerous worlds, he turns his gaze toward Earth and finds the sinister Hamilton Club a willing ally. Kark is terrified of individual free will, but he has plans to rid the universe of this torment.Shark Bait Personality

You may have met one. Seats of power attract them like flies, but they can be found at all levels. They may make you feel good one moment, but then miserable the rest of your life. Gordon Roanhorse learns how to spot these critters and to beat them at their own game-a skill vital to his future success.Contents

Omen (3 chapters)FoundationFrom the Ashes (5 chapters)Black HarvestEncountersTouching and TouchedCounterpointsVisionNightmareTurnaboutThresholdSeedling Suns (23 chapters)Festival of Two Suns (8 chapters)Balance (7 chapters)Web Woven Tightly (15 chapters)

This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

The indigenous psychologies (IPs) stress the importance of research being grounded in the conditions and culture of the researcher's own society due to the dominance of Western culture in mainstream psychology. The nature and challenges of the IPs are discussed from the perspectives of science studies and anthropology of knowledge (the study of human understanding in its social context). The Element describes general social conditions for the development of science and the IPs globally, and their development and form in some specific countries. Next, some more specific issues relating to the IPs are discussed. These issues include the nature of the IPs, scientific standards, type of culture concept favored, views on the philosophy of science, understanding of mainstream psychology, generalization of findings, and the IPs' isolation and independence. Finally, conclusions are drawn, for example with respect to the future of the IPs.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Politik - Politische Theorie und Ideengeschichte, Note: 1,7, Universitat Potsdam (Politische Theorie und Philosophie), Veranstaltung: Der Gesetzesbegriff in den Sozialwissenschaften - historisch-semantische Perspektiven auf ein erkenntnistheoretisches Problem, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Hausarbeit wurde im Wintersemester 2008 / 2009 unter der Leitung von Herrn Dr. Thomas Fiegle geschrieben. Das Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreibt im Kern die chronologische Entwicklung des Positivismus hin zum Neopositivismus. Hierbei stehen die Ansichten zur Erkenntnisphilosophie nach John Stuart Mill im Mittelpunkt der sozialwissenschaftlichen Analyse. Mit John Stuart Mill und der Frage nach der Entstehung und der europaischen Verbreitung des Positivismus wird auch das Kapitel II eingeleitet. Um eine Diskussionsgrundlage zu schaffen, erhalten im ersten Kapitel die Begriffe Positivismus, Neopositivismus, Erkenntnisphilosophie und der Begriff des positiven Rechts eine Definition. In Kapitel III werden die Theorieansatze und Untersuchungen zum Naturalismus bzw. zur Erkenntnisphilosophie im Sinne des Wiener Kreises erlautert. Aus diesem Kreise zahlreicher Mathematiker, Philosophen, Natur- und Geisteswissenschaftler wird in dieser Darstellung die Wissenschaftslogik nach Rudolf Carnap, Mitbegrunder des Wiener Kreises und somit des Neopositivismus, in die Untersuchung der Fragestellung mit einbezogen. Ferner werden im dritten Kapitel die Aussagen und Kritiken zum Neopositivismus seitens des Philosophen und bekanntesten Vertreters des kritischen Rationalismus im 20. Jahrhundert, Karl Popper1, in den sozialwissenschaftlichen Vergleich integriert. Im Anschluss werden in Kapitel IV die Grundannahmen zur Erkenntnisphilosophie und zu den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften seitens des hier ausgewahlten Personenkreises hervorgehoben. Daran anknupfend wird anhand der fur diese Arbeit ausgewahlten Quellen geklart, wie der Einfluss John Stu

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Politik - Politische Systeme - Politisches System Deutschlands, Note: 1,3, Universitat Potsdam (Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultat), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit mit dem Titel Moglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Reform des kommunalen Wahlrechts in Deutschland am Beispiel Nordrhein-Westfalen" wurde wahrend des Sommersemesters 2009 in den Monaten Marz bis Juni unter der Leitung von Herrn Prof. Dr. Jochen Franzke geschrieben. Das Thema befasst sich in der Hauptsache mit der sozialwissenschaftlichen Beurteilung vergangener und gegenwartiger Reformbestrebungen hinsichtlich der kommunalen Wahlrechts- bzw. Wahlsystemstrukturen des Bundeslandes Nordrhein-Westfalen und der politischen Auseinandersetzung uber Moglichkeiten und Grenzen jungster Reformvorhaben. Im Zentrum dieser Analyse im Bereich der Kommunal- und Regionalpolitik stehen die landesspezifischen Gemeinderatswahlen. Es handelt sich bei dieser Analyse zum kommunalen Wahlrecht nicht um eine juristische Arbeit. Vielmehr sollen die unterschiedlichen politischen, sozialen und subsidiaren Gesichtspunkte vergangener und gegenwartiger Reformbestrebungen den Rahmen dieser Arbeit bilden. Als redaktionelle Frist bezuglich der Wahlbeobachtungen und Datensammlungen soll bei der hier vorliegenden Diplomarbeit der 30. Mai 2009 gelten. Folglich wird die in diesem Jahr anstehende Kommunalwahl in Nordrhein-Westfalen bei der Analyse selbst nicht mit berucksichtigt werden, wohl aber die noch nicht abgeschlossenen Initiativen zur Reform des Kommunalwahlrechts sowie gegebenenfalls Bestrebungen fur entsprechende Gesetzesanderungen, die Auswirkungen auf die kommende Kommunalwahl bzw. weitere Kommunalwahlen in Nordrhein-Westfalen haben konnten. Mit dem ersten Abschnitt soll eine Einfuhrung in das Thema die Basis fur die weiteren Kapitel bilden sowie den aktuellen Forschungsstand in komprimierter Weise darstellen. Daruber hinaus sollen die begriffli