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This second companion volume on engineering studies considers
engineering practice including contextual analyses of engineering
identity, epistemologies and values. Key overlapping questions
examine such issues as an engineering identity, engineering
self-understandings enacted in the professional world, distinctive
characters of engineering knowledge and how engineering science and
engineering design interact in practice. Authors bring with them
perspectives from their institutional homes in Europe, North
America, Australia\ and Asia. The volume includes 24 contributions
by more than 30 authors from engineering, the social sciences and
the humanities. Additional issues the chapters scrutinize include
prominent norms of engineering, how they interact with the values
of efficiency or environmental sustainability. A concluding set of
articles considers the meaning of context more generally by asking
if engineers create their own contexts or are they created by
contexts. Taken as a whole, this collection of original scholarly
work is unique in its broad, multidisciplinary consideration of the
changing character of engineering practice.
This inclusive cross-cultural study rethinks the nexus between
engineering education and context. In so doing the book offers a
reflection on contextual boundaries with an overall boundary
crossing ambition and juxtaposes important cases of critical
participation within engineering education with sophisticated
scholarly reflection on both opportunities and discontents. Whether
and in what way engineering education is or ought to be
contextualized or de-contextualized is an object of heated debate
among engineering educators. The uniqueness of this study is that
this debate is given comprehensive coverage - presenting both
instrumentally inclined as well as radical positions on
transforming engineering education. In contextualizing engineering
education, this book offers diverse commentary from a range of
disciplinary, meta- and interdisciplinary perspectives on how
cultural, professional, institutional and educational systems
contexts shape histories, structural dynamics, ideologies and
challenges as well as new pathways in engineering education. Topics
addressed include examining engineering education in countries
ranging from India to America, to racial and gender equity in
engineering education and incorporating social awareness into the
area. Using context as "bridge" this book confronts engineering
education head on. Contending engineering ideologies and
corresponding views on context are juxtaposed with contending
discourses of reform. The uniqueness of the book is that it brings
together scholars from the humanities, the social sciences and
engineering from Europe - both East and West - with the United
States, China, Brazil, India and Australia.
This text collects and translates a broad spectrum of philosophical
reflections on technology from throughout the Spanish-speaking
world. Highlighting work from Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Spain and
Venezuela - with further representation from Argentina, Cuba,
Colombia, Uruguay and the US - it introduces both affirmatives and
critical studies by younger as well as established philosophers. Of
special importance are the contributions by Marcos Gara de la
Huerta (Chile), Hugo Padilla (Mexico), Miguel Quintanilla (Spain),
Juan David Gara Bacca (Venezuela) and Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla
(Venezuela) - all of whom are leading and influential authors and
none of whom has previously appeared in English. For students and
scholars concerned with the philosophy of science and technology,
Latin American studies, and interdisciplinary
science-technology-society programs, this text contains 25 papers
addressing issues in the metaphysical, epistemological, ethical,
political, historical and anthropological analysis of technology.
This volume rethinks the work of Jacques Ellul (1912-1994) on
the centenary of his birth, by presenting an overview of the
current debates based on Ellul's insights. As one of the most
significant twentieth-century thinkers about technology, Ellul was
among the first thinkers to realize the importance of topics such
as globalization, terrorism, communication technologies and
ecology, and study them from a technological perspective.
The book is divided into three sections. The first discusses
Ellul's diagnosis of modern society, and addresses the reception of
his work on the technological society, the notion of efficiency,
the process of symbolization/de-symbolization, and ecology. The
second analyzes communicational and cultural problems, as well as
threats and trends in early twenty-first century societies. Many of
the issues Ellul saw as crucial - such as energy, propaganda,
applied life sciences and communication - continue to be so. In
fact they have grown exponentially, on a global scale, producing
new forms of risk.
Essays in the final section examine the duality of reason and
revelation. They pursue an understanding of Ellul in terms of the
depth of experience and the traditions of human knowledge, which is
to say, on the one hand, the experience of the human being as
contained in the rationalist, sociological and philosophical
traditions. On the other hand there are the transcendent roots of
human existence, as well as "revealed knowledge," in the mystical
and religious traditions. The meeting of these two traditions
enables us to look at Ellul's work as a whole, but above all it
opens up a space for examining religious life in the technological
society.
This co-edited volume compares Chinese and Western experiences of
engineering, technology, and development. In doing so, it builds a
bridge between the East and West and advances a dialogue in the
philosophy of engineering. Divided into three parts, the book
starts with studies on epistemological and ontological issues, with
a special focus on engineering design, creativity, management,
feasibility, and sustainability. Part II considers relationships
between the history and philosophy of engineering, and includes a
general argument for the necessity of dialogue between history and
philosophy. It continues with a general introduction to traditional
Chinese attitudes toward engineering and technology, and
philosophical case studies of the Chinese steel industry,
railroads, and cybernetics in the Soviet Union. Part III focuses on
engineering, ethics, and society, with chapters on engineering
education and practice in China and the West. The book's analyses
of the interactions of science, engineering, ethics, politics, and
policy in different societal contexts are of special interest. The
volume as a whole marks a new stage in the emergence of the
philosophy of engineering as a new regionalization of philosophy.
This carefully edited interdisciplinary volume grew out of an
international conference on the philosophy of engineering hosted by
the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. It
includes 30 contributions by leading philosophers, social
scientists, and engineers from Australia, China, Europe, and the
United States.
Hardbound. Research in Philosophy and Technology: Volume 19
advances philosophical reflections on technology through a focus on
metaphysical and epistemological issues. The contributors employ
the resources of both the phenomenological and analytical
traditions of contemporary philosophy in their work.Contributions
include general proposals for the reform of the philosophy of
technology; examinations of the work of major philosophers
including Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Jonas, Ihde, and Merleau-Ponty;
an extended argument for a more careful delineation of the
difference between science and technology; a new analysis of the
concept of efficiency; extended studies of the fate of skill in the
information age and the place of the body in virtual reality.Themed
review essays and general reviews complement the chapters.
Who owns your genes? What does climate science imply for policy? Do
corporations conduct honest research? Should we teach intelligent
design? Humans are creating a new world through science. The kind
of world we are creating will not simply be decided by expanding
scientific knowledge, but will depend on views about good and bad,
right and wrong. These visions, in turn, depend on critical
thinking, cogent argument and informed judgement. In this book,
Adam Briggle and Carl Mitcham help readers to cultivate these
skills. They first introduce ethics and the normative structure of
science and then consider the 'society of science' and its norms
for the responsible conduct of research and the treatment of human
and animal research subjects. Later chapters examine 'science in
society' - exploring ethical issues at the interfaces of science,
policy, religion, culture and technology. Each chapter features
case studies and research questions to stimulate further
reflection.
Hardbound. This volume of Research in Philosophy and Technology is
guest edited by Marina Banchetti-Robino in association with Don E.
Marietta Jr. and Lester Embree. In her introduction to the 10 major
theme papers that deal with Philosophies of the Environment and
Technology, Banchetti-Robino gives an account of the origin of this
original collection, of the importance of the theme, and of the
interrelated arguments advanced relative to the theme. This set of
papers by a number of well-known figures in philosophical studies
both on the environment and on technology - namely J. Baird
Callicott, Don Ihde, Larry Hickman, Don E. Marietta Jr., Lester
Embree, Frederick Ferre, and Holmes Rolston III - together with a
few younger scholars - Tim Casey, Marina Banchetti-Robino and
Robert Frodeman - opens new pathways in both environmental
philosophy and the philosophy of technology.
This book presents a critical examination of conversations between
engineering, social sciences, and the humanities asking whether
their conversations have come of age. These conversations are
important because ultimately their outcome have real world
consequences in engineering education and practice, and for the
social and material world we inhabit. Taken together the 21
chapters provide scholarly-argued responses to the following
questions. Why are these conversations important for engineering,
for social sciences, and for the humanities? Are there key places
in practice, in the curriculum, and in institutions where these
conversations can develop best? What are the barriers to successful
conversations? What proposals can be made for deepening these
conversations for the future? How would we know that the
conversations have come of age, and who gets to decide? The book
appeals to scholarly audiences that come together through their
work in engineering education and practice. The chapters of the
book probes and access the meetings and conversations, and they
explore new avenues for strengthening dialogues that transcend
narrow disciplinary confines and divisions. "The volume offers a
rich collection of descriptive resources and theoretical tools that
will be useful for researchers of engineering practices, and for
those aiming to reshape the engineering lifeworld through new
policies. The book depicts the current state of the art of the most
visible SSH contributions to shaping engineering practices, as well
as a map of research gaps and policy problems that still need to be
explored." - Dr. Ir. Lavinia Marin, TU Delft, Electrical
Engineering and Philosophy
This volume provides an analysis of the relationship between
technology, ethics and culture. Topics covered in this title
include: environmental ethics and the recovery of culture; media,
identity and politics; technological enlightenment as a
continuation of modern thinking; and, the rhetoric of eugenics.
The rise of classic Euro-American philosophy of technology in the
1950s originally emphasized the importance of technologies as
material entities and their mediating influence within human
experience. Recent decades, however, have witnessed a subtle shift
toward reflection on the activity from which these distinctly
modern artifacts emerge and through which they are engaged and
managed, that is, on engineering. What is engineering? What is the
meaning of engineering? How is engineering related to other aspects
of human existence? Such basic questions readily engage all major
branches of philosophy --- ontology, epistemology, ethics,
political philosophy, and aesthetics --- although not always to the
same degree. The historico-philosophical and critical reflections
collected here record a series of halting steps to think through
engineering and the engineered way of life that we all increasingly
live in what has been called the Anthropocene. The aim is not to
promote an ideology for engineering but to stimulate deeper
reflection among engineers and non-engineers alike about some basic
challenges of our engineered and engineering lifeworld.
The rise of classic Euro-American philosophy of technology in the
1950s originally emphasized the importance of technologies as
material entities and their mediating influence within human
experience. Recent decades, however, have witnessed a subtle shift
toward reflection on the activity from which these distinctly
modern artifacts emerge and through which they are engaged and
managed, that is, on engineering. What is engineering? What is the
meaning of engineering? How is engineering related to other aspects
of human existence? Such basic questions readily engage all major
branches of philosophy --- ontology, epistemology, ethics,
political philosophy, and aesthetics --- although not always to the
same degree. The historico-philosophical and critical reflections
collected here record a series of halting steps to think through
engineering and the engineered way of life that we all increasingly
live in what has been called the Anthropocene. The aim is not to
promote an ideology for engineering but to stimulate deeper
reflection among engineers and non-engineers alike about some basic
challenges of our engineered and engineering lifeworld.
This co-edited volume compares Chinese and Western experiences of
engineering, technology, and development. In doing so, it builds a
bridge between the East and West and advances a dialogue in the
philosophy of engineering. Divided into three parts, the book
starts with studies on epistemological and ontological issues, with
a special focus on engineering design, creativity, management,
feasibility, and sustainability. Part II considers relationships
between the history and philosophy of engineering, and includes a
general argument for the necessity of dialogue between history and
philosophy. It continues with a general introduction to traditional
Chinese attitudes toward engineering and technology, and
philosophical case studies of the Chinese steel industry,
railroads, and cybernetics in the Soviet Union. Part III focuses on
engineering, ethics, and society, with chapters on engineering
education and practice in China and the West. The book's analyses
of the interactions of science, engineering, ethics, politics, and
policy in different societal contexts are of special interest. The
volume as a whole marks a new stage in the emergence of the
philosophy of engineering as a new regionalization of philosophy.
This carefully edited interdisciplinary volume grew out of an
international conference on the philosophy of engineering hosted by
the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. It
includes 30 contributions by leading philosophers, social
scientists, and engineers from Australia, China, Europe, and the
United States.
This inclusive cross-cultural study rethinks the nexus between
engineering education and context. In so doing the book offers a
reflection on contextual boundaries with an overall boundary
crossing ambition and juxtaposes important cases of critical
participation within engineering education with sophisticated
scholarly reflection on both opportunities and discontents. Whether
and in what way engineering education is or ought to be
contextualized or de-contextualized is an object of heated debate
among engineering educators. The uniqueness of this study is that
this debate is given comprehensive coverage – presenting both
instrumentally inclined as well as radical positions on
transforming engineering education. In contextualizing engineering
education, this book offers diverse commentary from a range of
disciplinary, meta- and interdisciplinary perspectives on how
cultural, professional, institutional and educational systems
contexts shape histories, structural dynamics, ideologies and
challenges as well as new pathways in engineering education. Topics
addressed include examining engineering education in countries
ranging from India to America, to racial and gender equity in
engineering education and incorporating social awareness into the
area. Using context as “bridge†this book confronts engineering
education head on. Contending engineering ideologies and
corresponding views on context are juxtaposed with contending
discourses of reform. The uniqueness of the book is that it brings
together scholars from the humanities, the social sciences and
engineering from Europe – both East and West –  with the
United States, China, Brazil, India and Australia.
This second companion volume on engineering studies considers
engineering practice including contextual analyses of engineering
identity, epistemologies and values. Key overlapping questions
examine such issues as an engineering identity, engineering
self-understandings enacted in the professional world, distinctive
characters of engineering knowledge and how engineering science and
engineering design interact in practice. Authors bring with them
perspectives from their institutional homes in Europe, North
America, Australia\ and Asia. The volume includes 24 contributions
by more than 30 authors from engineering, the social sciences and
the humanities. Additional issues the chapters scrutinize include
prominent norms of engineering, how they interact with the values
of efficiency or environmental sustainability. A concluding set of
articles considers the meaning of context more generally by asking
if engineers create their own contexts or are they created by
contexts. Taken as a whole, this collection of original scholarly
work is unique in its broad, multidisciplinary consideration of the
changing character of engineering practice.
This volume rethinks the work of Jacques Ellul (1912-1994) on the
centenary of his birth, by presenting an overview of the current
debates based on Ellul's insights. As one of the most significant
twentieth-century thinkers about technology, Ellul was among the
first thinkers to realize the importance of topics such as
globalization, terrorism, communication technologies and ecology,
and study them from a technological perspective. The book is
divided into three sections. The first discusses Ellul's diagnosis
of modern society, and addresses the reception of his work on the
technological society, the notion of efficiency, the process of
symbolization/de-symbolization, and ecology. The second analyzes
communicational and cultural problems, as well as threats and
trends in early twenty-first century societies. Many of the issues
Ellul saw as crucial - such as energy, propaganda, applied life
sciences and communication - continue to be so. In fact they have
grown exponentially, on a global scale, producing new forms of
risk. Essays in the final section examine the duality of reason and
revelation. They pursue an understanding of Ellul in terms of the
depth of experience and the traditions of human knowledge, which is
to say, on the one hand, the experience of the human being as
contained in the rationalist, sociological and philosophical
traditions. On the other hand there are the transcendent roots of
human existence, as well as "revealed knowledge," in the mystical
and religious traditions. The meeting of these two traditions
enables us to look at Ellul's work as a whole, but above all it
opens up a space for examining religious life in the technological
society.
Until recently, the philosophy and history of science proceeded in
a separate way from the philosophy and history of technology, and
indeed with respect to both science and technology, philosophical
and historical inquiries were also following their separate ways.
Now we see in the past quarter-century how the philosophy of
science has been profoundly in fluenced by historical studies of
the sciences, and no longer concerned so single-mindedly with the
analysis of theory and explanation, with the re lation between
hypotheses and experimental observation. Now also we see the
traditional historical studies of technology supplemented by phi
losophical questions, and no longer so plainly focussed upon
contexts of application, on invention and practical engineering,
and on the mutually stimulating relations between technology and
society. Further, alas, the neat division of intellectual labor,
those clearly drawn distinctions be tween science and technology,
between the theoretical and the applied, between discovery and
justification, between internalist and externalist approaches . . .
all, all have become muddled Partly, this is due to internal
revolutions within the philosophy and his tory of science (the
first result being recognition of their mutual rele vance). Partly,
however, this state of 'muddle' is due to external factors:
science, at the least in the last half-century, has become so
intimately connected with technology, and technological
developments have cre ated so many new fields of scientific (and
philosophical) inquiry that any critical reflection on scientific
and technological endeavors must hence forth take their interaction
into account."
Who owns your genes? What does climate science imply for policy? Do
corporations conduct honest research? Should we teach intelligent
design? Humans are creating a new world through science. The kind
of world we are creating will not simply be decided by expanding
scientific knowledge, but will depend on views about good and bad,
right and wrong. These visions, in turn, depend on critical
thinking, cogent argument and informed judgement. In this book,
Adam Briggle and Carl Mitcham help readers to cultivate these
skills. They first introduce ethics and the normative structure of
science and then consider the 'society of science' and its norms
for the responsible conduct of research and the treatment of human
and animal research subjects. Later chapters examine 'science in
society' - exploring ethical issues at the interfaces of science,
policy, religion, culture and technology. Each chapter features
case studies and research questions to stimulate further
reflection.
What does it mean to think about technology philosophically? Why
try? These are the issues that Carl Mitcham addresses in this work,
a comprehensive, critical introduction to the philosophy of
technology and a discussion of its sources and uses. Tracing the
changing meaning of "technology" from ancient times to the modern
day, Mitcham identifies the most important traditions of critical
analysis of technology: the engineering approach, which assumes the
centrality of technology in human life; and the humanities
approach, which is concerned with its moral and cultural
boundaries. Mitcham bridges these two traditions through an
analysis of discussions of engineering design, of the distinction
between tools and machines, and of engineering science itself. He
looks at technology as it is experienced in everyday life: as
material objects (from kitchenware to computers); as knowledge
(including recipes, rules, theories and intuitive "know-how"); as
activity (design, construction and use); and as volition (knowing
how to use technology and understanding its consequences). By
elucidating these multiple aspects, Mitcham establishes criteria
for a more comprehensive analysis of ethical issues in applications
of science and technology.
From editors Carl Mitcham and Robert Mackey comes an unusually
reflective and wide-ranging colloquium on technology as a
philosophical problem. Organized into sections on conceptual
issues, ethical and political critiques, religious critiques,
existentialist critiques, and metaphysical studies, Philosophy and
Technology features an introductory overview that suggests the aims
of truly comprehensive philosophy of technology. Philosophy and
Technology features essays by Jacques Ellul, Lewis Mumford, Ortega
y Gasset, and C.S. Lewis. This revised and fully updated edition
features a comprehensive bibliography.
The Foundations of Meta-Technics is a rigorous phenomenological
analysis of the transcendence of anthropomorphic, anthropocentric,
and geocentric technology in terms of the new meta-technical forms
of space and time. The book draws out the epistemological and
ontological implications of an emerging meta-technical supernature
in which space and time are perceived by trans-human means and from
trans-terrestrial perspectives. This book is especially valuable to
philosophers in either the phenomenological or continental
tradition.
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